Network settings. Network connections and network components Network connection components
Nowadays, every user is faced with the question of setting up a network in the Windows 7 operating system. If you are a home user, you will someday be faced with the task of setting up an Internet connection, synchronizing with the XBOX game console, and if you have several pieces of computer equipment at home, then in any case, you will have to set up a wired or wireless network, and one computer will have to distribute the Internet to all the others. In case you are working system administrator small office, you will need to set up a network with static or dynamic addresses. Unfortunately, many users usually try to set up a local network without having any networking skills, and therefore carry out the setup at random, which causes them to have many problems during subsequent work. This series of articles is dedicated to various configuration methods local network, terminology, as well as connections to the World Wide Web.
Often, setting up a local network in operating systems Windows Vista,Windows 7, Windows Server 2008/2008 R2 begins with such an area for configuring network properties as the . With the help this tool Network Configuration allows you to select a network location, view a network map, set up network discovery, file and printer sharing, and configure and view the status of your current network connections. In this article you will learn about managing this component.
Opening the Network and Sharing Center component
In order to use the functionality of the network configuration tool, you first need to open it. To open a window "Network Control Center and shared access» , do one of the following:
The following illustration shows the window "Network and Sharing Center":
Rice. 1. “Network and Sharing Center”
Network location concept
Before starting to work with this component, you should understand such a concept as network location. This setting is set for computers when they first connect to a network, and during the connection, firewall and security settings are automatically configured for the type of network to which you are connecting. Unlike the Windows Vista operating system, which uses the most restrictive firewall profile for network hosting for all network connections, operating system Windows 7 supports multiple active profiles, which allows you to most securely use multiple network adapters connected to different networks. There are four types of network location:
Home network . This network location is intended for computer use in the home or on networks where users know each other very well. These computers can create and join home groups. For home networks, network discovery is automatically enabled.
Enterprise network. This network location is used in a small office hose (SOHO) network. This network location also has network discovery enabled, but you cannot create or join a computer to a homegroup.
Community Network. This network location is intended for using the computer in public places such as coffee shops or airports. This is the most restrictive placement and has homegroup join and network discovery disabled by default.
Domain network. If the computer is joined to a domain Active Directory, then the existing network will be automatically assigned a network location type "Domain". A domain type of network location is similar to a work network, except that in a domain, the configuration Windows Firewall, network discovery, and network card determined group policy.
The network locations available for user selection can be seen in the following illustration:
Rice. 2. Select a network location
Network map
A network map is a graphical representation of the location of computers and devices that allows you to see all the devices on your local network, as well as how they are connected to each other. In the window "Network and Sharing Center" Only the local part of the network card is displayed, the layout of which depends on the existing network connections. The computer on which the map is being created is displayed in the upper left corner. Other computers on the subnet appear on the left. Infrastructure devices such as switches, hubs, and gateways to other networks appear on the right. You can see an example of a network map in the following illustration:
Rice. 3. Example of a network map
Two components are responsible for the operation of the network map in operating systems:
Link Layer Topology Discover Mapper (LLTD Mapper) - a component that requests devices on the network to include them in the map;
The LLTD (Link Layer Topology Discover Responder - LLTD Responder) responder is a component that is responsible for requests from the LLTD Mapper component.
By default, the network map can only be viewed for locations "Home network" or "Enterprise network". When trying to view the network map for locations "Domain network" or "Public Network" you will see the following message:
Rice. 4. Trying to view the network map for the location of the domain network
To enable network mapping on a domain network, you need to do the following on your domain controller:
Rice. 5. Modify Group Policies to Enable Network Mapping
Rice. 6. Network map for domain network location
- Open the snap "Group Policy Management";
- Select a GPO (for example, Default Domain Policy, scope - the entire domain) that will apply to a computer located in the domain network, right-click on it and select the command from the context menu "Change";
- In the snap "Control Editor" group policies» unfold the knot Computer Configuration/Policies/Administrative Templates/Network/Link Layer Discovery and select a policy "Enables the I/O mapping driver (LLTDIO)";
- In the properties of the policy setting, set the radio button to the option "Turn on" and check the box "Allow operation for domain";
- Repeat the same steps for the policy setting "Enable Responder Driver (RSPNDR)";
- Update policy settings on the client machine using the command gpupdate /force /boot;
- Update your network map. The result is shown in the following illustration:
Network connections
After installing the driver for each network adapter, operating room Windows system attempts to automatically configure network connections on local computer. All available network connections are displayed in the window "Network Connections". A network connection is a set of data required to connect a computer to the Internet, local network, or any other computer.
Open window "Network Connections" you can in any of the following ways:
Window "Network Connections" are shown in the following illustration:
Rice. 7. “Network connections” window
When you select any network connection, you can do the following with it:
In the dialog box that opens "Diagnostics Windows networks» To troubleshoot problems, follow the steps in the wizard.
Checkboxes next to components indicate that these components are associated with the connection. The Network Connection Properties dialog box is shown below:
Rice. 11. Network connection properties dialog box
Conclusion
This article briefly introduces the components of the Network Properties Configurator for Windows operating systems - "Network and Sharing Center". The concepts of network location and network cards are considered, with the help of which the local part of the network card is displayed, the layout of which depends on the existing network connections. You've also seen the Network Connections window, which allows you to configure network connections on your local computer. In the following article, you will learn how you can configure clients, services, and network connection protocols using a graphical user interface.
Operating systems Microsoft Windows (hereinafter, Windows refers to the operating systems Windows 9x/NT/2000//XP/Vista/7/8) to access the network they use Network connections through network interface adapters, modems and other interface devices (they can be seen in the window that opens sequence of commands Control Panel - Network and Sharing Center - Change adapter settings.
By selecting network connection from the context menu Properties command you can see the network components used by this connection, the main ones being;
- network adapter driver;
- protocols;
- client;
- services.
Network adapter driver - software, which ensures interaction between the operating system and the adapter through which the connection is made. The driver can be created either by the manufacturer of the operating system or by the manufacturer of the adapter itself; network adapter settings are performed through the driver; Network protocol is software that implements a set of rules that allow connection and data exchange between two or more devices connected to the network.
The main objectives of protocols are to split the flow of information into packets, form packet headers with address and other information that allows implementing various protocol mechanisms for reliable data delivery, ensuring data integrity, transmission security, etc. A prerequisite for network operation is the presence of identical stacks network protocols on computers participating in the network.
It should be noted that there are also compatible network protocols, for example, IP versions 4 and 6. The most common network protocol stack currently is the TCP/IP stack with IP version 4, but the transition to the new 6th version of IP and modern operating systems by default install stacks with both versions Setting the connection interface network addresses (IP addresses) for IP version 4.
Client- software that allows a computer to access network resources of computer network servers: file resources, printers, Internet access channels.
The client, in particular, transmits a user identifier, by which the server checks whether it is allowed access to the requested resource and with what rights. In Windows, the Client for Microsoft Networks is automatically installed, allowing you to connect to network resources of workstations under Windows control included in network workgroups (Workgroups), and network resources of domains (Domains) computer networks under the control of operating Microsoft systems Windows Server (meaning Windows Server NT/2000/2003/2008/2011 systems).
Client settings for Microsoft networks are configured automatically, without user intervention. Network service is software that runs on a server and provides servicing of client requests to the network resources of this server. Windows automatically installs File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks. The parameters of this service are configured automatically, without user intervention. Included network components installed by default, also includes a number of other additional protocols and services that are used to implement additional features computer networks.
By default, Windows 7 also installs:
QoS Packet Scheduler- a service that implements support for “quality of service” (QoS) - a set of technologies that ensure priority use of the communication channel by certain types of traffic or programs compared to the “equal opportunity” method; - Internet Protocol (TCP/IP stack) version 6 stack with a new IP implementation, which is characterized by a larger address space (128-bit addresses are used), automatic configuration of interfaces, optimized packet routing, transmission of multimedia traffic with minimal delays, etc.;
The Link Layer I/O Driver is a component of the Windows network infrastructure that allows computers and other devices to be mapped on a network. You can see it in the Network and Sharing Center using the View full map link. All computers and network devices detected on the network are displayed on the map.
- The link layer topology discovery responder is also responsible for populating the network map.
If a computer does not have File and Print Sharing installed, it can access other computers on the network, but other computers cannot access it.
Server functions are provided by the file and printer access service. It allows you to share computer resources such as disks, folders and printers with network users. If all computers in a network are configured with both client and server components, the network is called peer-to-peer (Peer-To-Peer).
It should be noted that modern operating systems implement the ability to organize a common Internet access channel for local network computers. When you use this technology on an Internet-connected computer that is connected to the local network through another interface, you can ensure that other computers on the local network are connected to the Internet. For computers connected to the network, it is necessary to solve a range of problems related to ensuring information security.
If you need to provide other users with access to a particular network resource on your computer, you must set permissions to access this resource for users or groups of users. Setting permissions for groups is often more convenient because the group is assigned all the necessary permissions once, and then the necessary users are added to or removed from the group. Adding/removing users to/from a group requires the administrator to perform fewer operations than allocating the necessary network resources to each user. Organization sharing to the file resource of this computer over the network is performed in Explorer by selecting the Properties command from the context menu of the folder/drive for which shared access over the network is to be organized...
In Windows, there are three types of permissions for network access to file shares:
- Reading only,
- Change
- Full access.
The Read permission is the default for all new shares and is assigned to the Everyone user group (where All refers to all users that are registered on the operating system of this computer or, if this computer is part of a Windows domain, registered as domain users on the server operating system of the domain controller ).
Read permission allows:
- view file names and subdirectories;
- view subfolders;
- view data in files;
- execute program files.
Permission Change enables Read permission and also allows you to:
- add files and subfolders;
- change data in files;
- delete subfolders and files.
The Full Control permission includes Change permissions and also allows you to:
- change security permissions (only for files and folders
NTFS - New Technology File System - a file system that uses access control mechanisms to file resources by
user/group identifiers and lists of permissions for operations with these resources);
- become the owner of the resource (only for NTFS files and directories).
A folder (directory) and a disk can act as network file resources. In this case, the permissions assigned to the folder apply to all files located in it (other permissions may be set for subdirectories). Similarly, if a disk is allocated for sharing, this means that all folders on it are allocated (although it is possible to change access permissions
for each of them).
It should also be noted that a user with Administrator rights for a computer on a peer-to-peer local network will be able to connect via the network to the drives of this computer, even if they are not shared (by specifying in the command line
Execute
\\Computer_name\Disk_name$, for example, \\PC1\C$).
Domain administrators can perform similar actions for any computers
included in the domain.
In Windows, it is possible to connect to a server resource allocated for network sharing by organizing it like this:
a so-called network drive on your computer, assigning it a letter of the Latin alphabet that is not occupied by other drives as an identifier. At the same time, further access and use of such a resource from the user’s point of view will be no different from the use of local disks.
For medium and large computer networks, Microsoft offers technology for using network domains.
Domain Featuresis the presence of a server (Windows Server NT/2000/2003/2008/2011) of a so-called domain controller with a centralized user database that authenticates users at the beginning of their work and stores permissions to use network resources on various domain workstations. This allows users to log into a domain from any computer and use the resources allocated to them on different computers. It should be noted that in order to implement similar work in a peer-to-peer network without building a domain, it is necessary to create on each computer the same list of users (and groups) with the same user passwords, which, in general, is difficult for a large number of computers and users.
You should pay attention to the fundamental difference in the settings available on the Access and Security tabs of the folder and disk properties. The Access tab is used to organize shared access over the network and allows you to set the permissions described above for users and groups Full access, Changes and Readings. The Security tab regulates access to file shares based on permissions file system NTFS, typical of modern Windows versions. This system maintains for each file resource a so-called Access Control List (ACL), which contains a list of user and group IDs that are allowed to use this resource and their permissions. Note the greater number of permission types in this case and the fact that these permissions work when the user logs on to the computer interactively (that is, when he registers on this computer using the keyboard).
This article will help you quickly answer any questions you may have. You can also study the entire material to get a complete understanding of network setup in Windows 7.
Introduction.
Purchasing an operating system Windows 7, the user must be prepared for the fact that sooner or later he will be faced with the task of setting up a network in the operating system. For some, this task is not difficult at all. Typically, installing and configuring a network in Windows 7 is the next step immediately after installing Windows 7 ( If you have not yet installed Windows 7 and are not entirely sure of the necessary steps, then you should read this section: Installing Windows 7).
The network setup phase is required for the following steps after installation:
- downloading current antivirus software distributions from the Internet;
- loading latest versions video player, web browser;
- if necessary, download drivers from the network for some devices on your computer (if they were not downloaded and installed automatically, or if installation disks absent);
- use of an XBOX console;
- exchange of documents and quick access to shared resources of several computers or laptops. In this case, to use the Internet, you need to set up a wired or wireless network. As a rule, one computer or laptop serves as a kind of Internet distributor for all other pieces of computer equipment.
The same is true with MAC addresses and subnet masks. All these settings remain the same, they have long been familiar to users. Some changes affected only the interface of the Control Panel and its items through which network parameters are accessed. Everything else is without significant changes. This is another undoubted advantage of Windows 7. Users who previously used Windows XP will be able to understand the new operating system quite easily. As a rule, setting up a local network in such popular operating systems as Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows Server 2008/2008 R2 begins with a component for configuring network properties such as “”.
This properties configuration tool allows the user to select a network location, set up printer and file sharing, and view a network map. You can also monitor the status of all your network connections. It is very convenient and practical.
How and where to open the Network and Sharing Center component.
Before you can use the full functionality to create network parameters, you need to find and open it. One of the following actions of your choice will help you open the active window correctly " Network and Sharing Center»:
As you can see, if you are careful and read everything, then you should not have any problems finding the “Network and Sharing Center” component. It should be noted that to expand the ranges of used IP addresses in Windows 7, in addition to the previously existing IPv4 protocol, a new one was added - IPv6. True, providers have not yet activated it, and when this will happen is currently unknown. Most likely, the creators of Windows 7 were ahead of the curve. 
Figure 1. The illustration shows the Network and Sharing Center window.
What does the network location of a computer mean?
Understand what " Network location", you need before you start working with this important component. For all computers, this setting is set automatically the first time they connect to the selected network. This also applies to the firewall and security settings of the network selected for connection. All of them are also configured automatically when you first connect your computer or laptop to the network.
The Windows 7 operating system supports several active profiles at the same time. This allows you to use multiple network adapters that can be connected to different networks with the greatest security.
By the way, Windows Vista uses the strictest firewall profile for all network connections. This may be why Vista is not as popular as Windows 7.
There are four main types of network locations:
| The first type is a home network. From the name itself it is clear that this network location is intended for a computer used at home. It is also used in networks in which all users know each other well. Such computers can not only create, but also join home groups. Typically, for the convenience of users when using home networks, network discovery is automatically enabled. Home networks provide all computers with high-quality network access. | |
| The second type is a network of an enterprise or organization. This type of network location also allows you to find the network automatically. The difference from a home network is that in an enterprise network it is not possible to join or create a computer to a home group. The network is intended exclusively for professional activity in an enterprise, organization or office. This type is called for short (SOHO), that is, it is used in a small office network. | |
| The third type is a public network. Cafes, airports, train stations and other public places - this is where computers use the third type of network location. By default, the ability to join home groups is disabled in this location. Network discovery is also disabled. Without exaggeration, we can say that this is the most strict arrangement. | |
| The fourth type is a domain network. The domain type of network location is almost no different from the work network. Except that in the domain type, the configuration of Network Discovery and Windows Firewall is determined by Group Policy. This also applies to the network card. In order for an existing network to automatically receive the “Domain” network placement type, the computer just needs to be joined to an Active Directory domain. Only in this case can the network become a domain network. |
Figure 2. Selecting the network location of the computer.Network map.
In order to see the location of all devices included in a specific local network, a network map is used. This is a graphical representation of the devices included in the network and the diagram by which they are connected to each other.
The network map can be seen in the same “Network and Sharing Center” window. True, only the local part of the network card is displayed here. Its layout directly depends on the available network connections. In the upper left corner you can see a display of the computer on which the map is being created. On the left you can see a display of the remaining computers included in the subnet.
Figure 3. Example of a network map.
You can view the network map at any time. True, only for locations such as “Home Network” and “Enterprise Network”. If the user gets curious to view the maps for the Domain Network or Public Network locations, he will see a message that the network message is disabled by default by the administrator. A network administrator can enable mapping using Group Policy.
In Windows 7, not one, but two components are responsible for the operation of the network map. This Link Layer(Link Layer Topology Discover Mapper – LLTD Mapper). It is this important component that requests devices on the network to be included in the map.
Network connections.
In the window " Network connections"You can see the entire set of data that the user needs to connect the computer to the Internet, local network or any other computer from the home network.
This data is available for viewing only after installing all the necessary drivers for each network adapter on Windows 7 and after automatically configuring all network connections on a specific local computer or laptop.
There are several simple and available ways, with which you can easily and quickly open the window " Network connections»:
- Open the window " Network and Sharing Center" and follow the link " Changing adapter settings"(see Figure 4);
Network and Sharing Center"." href="/upload/nastroika-windows-7/windows-7-nastroika-seti-img-7.png">
Figure 4. Open the window “ Network connections" through " Network and Sharing Center».
- Click the “Start” button and when the menu opens, enter “View network connections” in the search field. In the results found, select the “View network connections” application ( very convenient way);
- You can also use the classic keyboard shortcut Win+R. As a result, the “Run” dialog will open. In the "Open" field, which is located in the "Run" dialog box, you must enter the following command: ncpa.cpl or control network connection. Having done this, you need to click the “OK” button.
Figure 5. Network Connections windowWindow " Network and Sharing Center» similar Windows window XP. All detailed information about the network connection can be obtained by selecting the “Properties” option for a specific network adapter (see Figure 6). In Windows 7, to set up a network connection in the Properties window, you need to select Internet Protocol Version 4. In the same window, you can also make the necessary settings for gateways, subnet masks, DNS servers, IP addresses, etc. All this information can be obtained from the provider that provides the Internet access service.
Figure 6: Network connection details.
Rename the network adapter.
The developers of Windows 7 made sure that by default the operating system itself assigns all network connections the names “Local Area Connection” or another option - “Connect to wireless network" If the user has more than one network connection on the computer, the system also assigns a number to the connection. There are three ways to rename the name of any of the connections you create.
- First way. Select the network connection and click on the “Rename connection” button located on the toolbar. After entering a new name, press the key Enter;
- Second way. Using the key F2: press, enter a new name and save using the same key Enter;
- Third way. To rename a network connection selected from the list, right-click on it, select the “Rename” command from the context menu that appears, rename and save the changes using the familiar key Enter;
Network status.
In addition to the ability to rename the connection, in this window you can also find out about the network status. Using this window, which is called “Network Status,” at any time you can not only view any data about the connection network, but also find out details such as MAC address, IP address and much other useful and interesting information.
There are providers that allow users to access the Internet using the MAC address of the network card. If for some reason the network card is changed or the entire computer is replaced, the MAC address will also change and Internet access will cease. For a new connection to the Internet, you must set the required physical address (MAC address).
How to see the MAC address of a network card in Windows 7?
To view the current MAC address, as well as complete information about the connection, you need to right-click on the local network connection, and then select “Status” in the window that opens context menu(see Figure 7).
Figure 8. How to change the MAC address of a network card (network adapter).Network diagnostics.
If a situation arises where unexpected errors or failures occur in your network connection, you can eliminate them using connection diagnostics. The diagnostic tool can be found in the Network Connections window.
Select the window " Troubleshooting”, which, analyzing the connection status, offers a choice possible malfunctions and troubleshooting methods. To start diagnostics, you need to right-click on the network connection and select the “Diagnostics” command in the context menu.
Figure 9. Opening the Local Area Connection Troubleshooting Wizard.
The second way to start checking your network connection settings is to select the desired network and click on the “Connection diagnostics” button. The button can be seen on the toolbar.
In the dialog box that opens, to diagnose the connection, just follow the steps of the wizard to troubleshoot errors and problems. Nothing complicated.
Disabling a network device (network adapter).
Sometimes situations arise when network connection problems are resolved not with the help of the error resolution wizard, but simple shutdown network adapter from the computer. This can be easily done by doing one of the following:
- Select a network connection and click on the “Disable network device” button located on the toolbar;
- Right-click on the network connection and select “Disconnect” in the context menu that appears;
Conclusion.
The article details how to configure, connect and diagnose network connections.
If you have any doubts about your own network setup and connection capabilities, it is better to seek help from specialists, or carefully read the article again.
Completed:
student of group 08-B-2
Dubinin Sergey
Assoc. Kocheshkov A. A.
Nizhny Novgorod
2011
Purpose of the work: study the properties, methods of organization and features of the use of peer-to-peer computer networks. Learn how to install, configure and manage a LAN based on Microsoft Windows XP.
Work progress:
1 .Configure Windows network components.
Determine the composition and properties of the installed components:
Client for Microsoft networks,
Client for NetWare networks,
Network adapter,
IPX/SPX protocol
TCP/IP protocol
File and printer access service for Microsoft networks.
Assign a workgroup name, computer name.
Configure the TCP/IP protocol stack.
Check the functionality of the network using various protocols, changing the bindings of the network adapter to the protocols and the protocols to clients and services.
Configuring Windows network components.
Windows uses the following types of networking components:
Network adapter drivers;
Protocols;
A protocol is a specific set of formalized rules that determine the sequence and format of messages exchanged between network components lying at the same level. A software module that implements a protocol is often called a “protocol” for short (for example, one of the Windows networking components).
Network services are designed to provide other network nodes with access to shared resources on the node or for other functions. Network clients allow the current node to use the resources of other network nodes (for example, shared directories, printers, etc.).
To configure the network components of Windows XP, use the Network Connections control panel applet. When you launch it, a window appears on the screen containing a list of existing network connections, including LAN connections and remote access connections. In the context menu of each of them there is an item related to the setting (Properties).
Let's display the properties panel for connecting via local network. The following window appears:
The network adapter being used and other network components (protocols, clients, services) are displayed here. By default, Windows XP has:
Client for Microsoft networks (in the properties you can change the name service provider and the network address for the remote procedure call service - RPC. This will be either the Windows locator or the DCE Cell Directory Service, when selected, you can set the network address);
QoS Packet Scheduler
File and Printer Sharing Service for Microsoft Networks (Properties cannot be changed);
Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Windows allows you to install additional components, for example:
Client for NetWare networks (When activating this client and then rebooting the OS, after logging in you must select the Main server or Tree and default context, but if you do not do this, then after a few seconds you will be able to enjoy the desktop view. For normal operation this client requires the IPX/SPX protocol installed, therefore you must install it first, and vice versa, properties for this client are not available.);
SAP Service Announcement Protocol
Microsoft TCP/IP version 6 – new version TCP/IP stack, which solves many problems, such as the problem of lack of IP addresses, bandwidth reservation, etc.
NWLinkIPX/SPX/NetBIOS compatible transport protocol is a protocol stack used primarily in Novell networks.
Network Monitor Driver
You can also install third-party components that are not included in the Windows distribution.
In this window you can also configure installed components and remove unnecessary ones. The last operation will require a reboot, and the removed component will again be in the list of available for installation.
Task: install something from the list of suggested components and find the difference in operation.
For experiments, the “NWLinkIPX/SPX/NetBIOS compatible transport protocol” component was selected to support the IPX/SPX stack. By clicking the “Install” button and selecting the desired type of component (protocol), we get:
After a short installation, “NWLinkNetBIOS” and “NWLinkIPX/SPX/NetBIOS compatible transport” appear in the list of components. Only the last of them can be configured (here you can configure the internal IPX network number and the type of Ethernet packages used: Ethernet802.2, Ethernet802.3, EthernetII, EthernetSNAP, and Automatic selection).
Result: no differences in the operation of the network were noticed, but in adapters and bindings the IPX protocol became the first, instead of TCP/IP, which means that all packets are analyzed first for compliance with the first protocol, which theoretically should slow down the processing speed of TCP/IP packets /
Configuring the TCP/IP stack deserves special attention. The following options are available here:
IP address (you can use one specified explicitly or allocated automatically by the DHCP server);
Subnet mask;
Gateway address;
DNS name server address;
If there is no DHCP server on the network, addresses can be allocated statically. For configuration, the address specified as the network address is: 192.168.1.0 The host addresses will be located in the low byte of the IP address and, naturally, will differ. The number 15 will be assigned to the first node, 14 to the second, etc. The main thing is that the addresses are unique.
When you click the “Advanced” button, the advanced settings window is called up.
Many options are available in this window, including the same ones as in the previous one.
For example, you can assign multiple IP addresses to a host. This is useful when multiple IP networks are in use and a given node requires a different IP address to communicate with each logical IP network.
The corresponding tabs contain DNS and WINS settings. In my case, there are no servers on the network, so the settings will not be changed.
The “Options” tab contains additional settings. In WindowsXP, only the TCP/IP traffic filtering setting is available. Filtering allows you to select the ports through which traffic will be passed. These settings apply to all adapters. However, it is not possible to block ICMP traffic using this filtering.
The network adapter is installed in the usual Windows way using PnP. Usually it can be detected by the system automatically. As with many other devices, the network adapter can be configured to use the hardware resources (IRQ line and memory ranges). In addition, each network adapter provides several specific, manufacturer- and hardware-dependent parameters, which are also present in the device properties window. The latter can be called up from the Device Manager or from the network connection properties window.
When you click the “Configure” button in the connection properties window, the device properties window is displayed:
Network adapter-specific settings are located on the Advanced tab.
For example, here you can set the duplex mode used, select the transmission speed used (10/100 Mbit, half-duplex/full-duplex).
Windows can use several different protocol stacks with a single network connection because... It is possible to distinguish IP packets from, for example, IPX. In this case, the received packet is checked one by one to see if it belongs to one or another protocol in the order that is defined in the network adapter’s protocol binding. Correct ordering can improve performance (for example, if IP packets are much more common than IPX packets, it makes sense to check first to see if the incoming packet is an IP packet).
Protocol binding is configured using the menu item in the Network Connections folder “Advanced→Advanced Settings→Adapters and Bindings.” When this item is activated, a window appears on the screen:
It can be seen that the first protocol in the binding is NWLinkIPX/SPX/NETBIOS. Using the corresponding buttons, the entry corresponding to TCP/IP should be raised up. The client's binding for Microsoft networks changes in the same way. After this, IP packets will be processed immediately, without additional delays.
On the “Access Services Order” tab, the order of services is configured in the same way.
In a Windows peer-to-peer network, each computer must have a unique name (NetBIOS name) and belong to some workgroup or domain. If the name is not unique, then problems may arise when accessing the node. For example, when Windows boots, it checks its host name (and IP) for uniqueness. If the check reveals the presence of such a name (and IP) on the network, an error message is displayed on the screen (even before the user logs in).
For easy identification, machines on the network are assigned the following names:
userpc(address 192.168.1.14) –WindowsXP
COB-PC(address 192.168.1.16) -Windows7
userpc-virtual(address 192.168.1.15) –WindowsXP
The workgroup name is MSHOME.
After you change the name, Windows displays a "Welcome to the MSHOME workgroup" message and then prompts you to restart, which is required to complete the name change.
After the reboot, you need to check the network functionality. Using the program ping. This program sends ICMP packets of type ECHO_REQUEST to specified network hosts at specified intervals. If they respond (also with an ICMP packet), the program displays the packet transmission time and its lifetime. The proportion of lost packets is also displayed.
Task: check network functionality using the ping command
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ping userpc-virtual
Exchange of packets with userpc-virtual of 32 bytes:
<1мс TTL=128
Response from 192.168.1.76: number of bytes=32 time<1мс TTL=128
Response from 192.168.1.76: number of bytes=32 time<1мс TTL=128
Response from 192.168.1.76: number of bytes=32 time<1мс TTL=128
Ping statistics for 192.168.1.15:
Packets: sent = 4, received = 4, lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip time in ms:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
Now I will turn off TCP/IP support in the network connection properties; TCP/IP in the network adapter binding to protocols will be disabled automatically. However, I will leave IPX/SPX enabled. Now ping will no longer help, because ICMP is not part of the IPX/SPX stack and cannot be processed correctly. As a result, when calling ping we get:
C:\Documents and Settings\->ping userpc
The ping failed to find the userpc node. Check the hostname and try again
those try.
To diagnose IPX and control the routing of IPX packets, use the command ipxroute. For example, ipxrouteconfig will display the used IPX network numbers and physical adapter addresses:
C:\Documents and Settings\->ipxroute config
NWLink IPX v2.00 routing management software
No. Name Network Node Frame
================================================================
1. IpxLoopbackAdapter 1234cdef 000000000002
2. 00000000 0800274df9c3
3. NDISWANIPX 00000000 76c120524153 -
Disabled WAN Line
2 .Studying the properties of network resources in Windows XP.
Using an administrative account, describe shared file resources with different access.
Study and try different ways to connect network resources of other computers. Describe obtaining information about your network environment.
Test the use of administrative network resources for remote access.
General notes. All operations are considered for the Windows XP OS environment with Service Pack 1 installed. In this text, when describing the procedure for selecting interface objects, it is assumed that the mouse cursor is placed on the specified object and a single click is performed with the left mouse button (pre-configured for right-handed users). All other cases of impact on interface elements will be discussed separately. Important! To perform some network settings, the user must have domain administrator (system administrator) rights.
Configuring connection settings
To connect your computer to a local network, you need to install a network adapter and install the necessary drivers. This procedure is described in section 2.2 "Input and Output Devices". Next, you need to configure the network adapter to work on the local network. The minimum setup is to specify the parameters of the user's computer's IP address. The easiest way is to use a DHCP server. IP address settings are configured in the connection properties window.
In order to open the properties window for a local network connection, select “Connection” from the “Start” menu and left-click on the “Display all connections” line. In the “Network Connections” window that opens (Fig. 22), right-click on the connection that needs to be configured and select “Properties” in the context menu that appears. The properties window that opens (Fig. 23) indicates which network equipment is used for this connection and what software it needs to perform tasks solved by the user. In the specified window, when you click the “Settings” button, you are provided with options for configuring the network adapter, similar to those discussed in section 2.2 “Input and output devices”. The Component Descriptions section lists the software components installed for this network adapter.
"Client for Microsoft Networks" allows a user working on a local computer to access network resources (subject to access rights). "File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks", on the contrary, provides the opportunity for other network users to work with the resources of your computer. If there are no computers running other operating systems on the local network to which your computer is connected, this is quite enough. Typically, these components are installed and configured automatically by Windows XP.
The TCP/IP protocol is also installed automatically, but requires configuration in accordance with the rules adopted in a particular local network. To configure the TCP/IP protocol, you must select the appropriate line in the components section and click the "Properties" button. In the protocol properties window that opens (Fig. 23), with the DHCP service running, you must set the switch to the “Obtain an IP address automatically” position.
For more stable and faster network operation, it is advisable to refuse to automatically obtain the DNS server address and set the addresses manually. Before setting addresses, you must obtain their values from your network administrator. If this computer is part of another network, the parameters of its “membership” in this network are configured on the “Alternate Configuration” tab. Additional protocol settings can be seen by clicking on the "Advanced" button. In the window that opens, the “IP Settings”, “DNS” and “WINS” tabs show the corresponding settings. WINS (Windows Internet Name Service) provides a dynamic, replicated database service that can register and resolve NetBIOS names used on a network to IP addresses. The settings tab allows you to set control over the network traffic (exchange) of this computer.
TCP/IP protocol settings can be configured manually. To do this, you need to find out from your system administrator the IP address allocated to your computer, set the switch to the “Use the following IP address” position and specify its value manually, and then click the “OK” button. After setting the IP address, the computer will require a reboot.
To view the status of a network connection, you need to right-click on the connection of interest in the "Network Connections" window and select "Status" from the context menu. The "General" tab indicates the duration of the connection since the last OS boot, the connection speed and the number of processed packets. Clicking the "Properties" button opens the properties window described above; the "Disconnect" button stops the functioning of this connection, but does not destroy its settings.
By clicking on the "Details" tab, you can reinitialize the connection by clicking the "Fix" button and view some TCP/IP addressing parameters. You can see them in more detail by clicking the "Details" button. The "Network connection details" window (Fig. 24) displays the MAC address of the network adapter (physical address) and network service configuration details.
