Possible malfunctions of fluorescent lamps. Fluorescent ceiling lamps Luminaire for fluorescent lamp

The importance of lighting in residential areas cannot be overestimated.

Fluorescent lighting was previously used only in industrial enterprises, offices, and shops. This is due to the size, cool blue glow, flickering and unpleasant buzzing.

But recently, devices of compact sizes, different colors, and original designs have appeared, as they have found their rightful place in the loft style (see).

Design and operating principle

The main feature and advantage of fluorescent lamps is the use of fluorescent lamps. They are inserted using special lamp holders (sockets). The connection of cartridges with wires is made of bronze clamps.

Fluorescent lamps are glass tubes with sealed ends at both ends. The tube is filled with argon gas. The walls of the tube are covered with a layer of phosphor. In addition to argon, there is mercury inside the tube.

When power is applied between the electrodes at opposite ends of the tube, an arc occurs. The electrical discharge causes a glow in ultraviolet light. This radiation is absorbed by the phosphor and converted into a visible glow perceived by the human eye.

The color of the glow depends on the composition of the phosphor.

The main elements are the body, reflector and diffuser (or grille). The grille can be mirrored, matte or white. Lamps are produced with open light sources and with shades.

But one lamp and housing are not enough. For operation, special ballasts are required. Previously, lamps were equipped with electromagnetic ballasts (choke), which during operation made an unpleasant sound and had large dimensions.

Modern devices do not have such a disadvantage. They are equipped with electronic ballasts (ballasts).

ballasts with digital control implements the most original lighting projects, allowing them to be used in an energy-saving “smart home” system.

Variety of species

Fluorescent lamps are used as ceiling and wall lighting. are divided into overhead, built-in and suspended. Overheads are attached to the ceiling. can be used for suspended ceilings. Suspended ones are used for local lighting.

Devices can be one-, two-lamp, etc. They use linear fluorescent lamps. The most widespread are linear devices with tubes:

• T4 (with a diameter of 12.7 mm),
• T5 (with a diameter of 15.9 mm),
• T8 (with a diameter of 25.4 mm).

T4 and T5 tubes have a G5 base, T8 tubes have a G13 base. The numbers on the bases indicate the distance between the pins in millimeters. Length depends on power for all types and manufacturers.

15W	18-20 W	30W	36W	58W	70W
450mm	600mm	900mm	1200mm	1500mm	1500mm

Depending on the diffuser, devices can be of direct, directional, diffused and reflected light.

Divided by level of protection from moisture and dust. The level of protection is classified according to the IP system. This is the Ingress Protection code system. The higher the IP, the higher the moisture and dust protection.

The spectrum of the luminous flux depends on the temperature of the glow. As color temperature increases, the spectrum of light changes from red to blue.

Scope of application

The main sources of lighting in the house are ceiling lamps. For low ceilings in storage rooms, corridors, and bathrooms, it is better to use overhead lighting fixtures, and for rooms with high ceilings, recessed ones are suitable.

Fluorescent lamps are installed around the perimeter of the room in order to create hidden lighting. For this, a modular system is used.

Multi-level ceiling, awnings, cornices in the rooms. All this only looks good with the right lighting. They are used, in combination with, in kitchen sets to illuminate niches and tables. Devices with miniature lamps are used in furniture for local lighting. Wall mounts are used for paintings and panels.

Linear lamps for special purposes are used for plants and aquariums.

Their main difference is the red and blue regions of the glow spectrum. This light is very beneficial for plants. It compensates for the lack of sunlight and improves photobiological processes in plants.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantage of fluorescent lamps is energy savings. Their efficiency is 5 times higher than that of devices with incandescent lamps, but is inferior in efficiency.

The service life varies from 5 to 12 thousand hours. This creates additional convenience when used in hard-to-reach places.

Lamps emit light over the entire surface. A variety of colors of light output allows you to choose the desired color.

The use of electronic ballasts instead of traditional electromagnetic ones improves the characteristics of fluorescent lamps - eliminates unpleasant hum and reduces flicker.

The main disadvantage is the presence of mercury. They require careful handling.

Another disadvantage is the dependence on external temperature. At too low and high temperatures, the luminous flux decreases. But for residential premises this is not so true. But sensitivity to frequent switching on and off creates inconvenience.

Possible malfunctions and ways to eliminate them

Fluorescent lamps have a reliable design. Malfunctions are primarily associated with faulty lamps, ballasts or electrical wiring. The lamp holder (socket) may also fail. But this happens extremely rarely.

Let's consider the problems that you may encounter during operation:

• Dull orange glow at the ends. The reason is air getting into the tube. It cannot be eliminated - the lamp needs to be replaced.
• The device lights up, but then goes dark and goes out. The reason is a malfunction of the ballast - replacement is required.
• It goes out periodically, then lights up on its own. The reason is a faulty starter or lamp.
• The device flashes, there is a glow from one end of the tube. Reason – short circuit in the socket or wiring.
• When turned on, the ends of the tube turn black. The reason is a mismatch between the device voltage and the mains voltage or a malfunction of the ballast resistance. If the voltage is OK, replace the ballast resistor.
• Doesn't turn on. The reason is a broken wire or electrodes in the lamp, a malfunction of the starter, or problems with the supply voltage.

Manufacturers and models

When choosing fluorescent lamps, the question arises: which manufacturer’s products should you give preference to? There is a huge selection on the market: from well-known brands to cheap Chinese fakes.

SLV

One of the leaders in the European market is the German company SLV. The dealer network is spread all over the world. Innovative technologies, attractive price, design. All this makes SLV products attractive to buyers.

SLV 160831 Kuno suspended	SLV 160832 Kuno suspended	SLV 160773 Kuno ceiling
Lamp material
Aluminum + white plastic	Aluminum + silver plastic	Aluminum + white plastic
Reinforcement material
Aluminum white	Aluminum silver	Aluminum white
Lamp power
2x35W	2x35W	2х54W
Base type
2xG5	2xG5	2xG5
Number of lamps
2	2	2
Size
	L – 1490mm, H – 30mm, B – 135mm, 2.5 kg	L – 1490mm, H – 30mm, B – 135mm, 2.5 kg

Hanging models of the Kuno series are made in a modern style. Adjustable suspension up to one and a half meters. The lamp is supplied without a base. The base with Tron cable clamp and lamps must be ordered separately.

Novotech

Another well-known brand is the Hungarian company Novotech. The company uses modern lighting technology trends in its developments. Particular attention is paid to energy-saving fluorescent and.

Lamp material
Transparent polycarbonate	Transparent polycarbonate	Transparent polycarbonate
Reinforcement material
Aluminum white	Aluminum white	Aluminum white
Lamp power
1x18W	1x30W	1x13W
Base type
G13	G13	G13
Number of lamps
1	1	1
Size
L – 675mm, H – 65mm, B – 35mm, 0.065 kg	L – 950mm, H – 70mm, B – 48mm, 0.065 kg	L – 571mm, H – 42mm, B – 22mm, 0.065 kg

The table shows the models of the SIDE series. These are closed devices with a switch. Designed for lighting furniture (kitchen tables).

OMS

Lamps from the Slovak manufacturer OMS are widely used in Europe. The factory covers all market segments - from the most economical to the premium class thanks to the modern equipment of production lines.

FF02-12	FF02-25	FF02-26
Lamp material
Opal resin with separator	Matte polymer	Polymer with anti-glare grille
Reinforcement material
Aluminum gray	Aluminum gray	Aluminum gray
Lamp power
2x35W	1x35W	1x35W
Base type
G5	G5	G5
Number of lamps
2	1	1
Size
L – 1510mm, H – 65mm, B – 260mm		L – 1480mm, H – 75mm, B – 100mm

Hanging models from OMS will satisfy the most demanding customer.

Almost all European lighting manufacturers produce fluorescent lamps. Cost-effectiveness, durability, varied light spectrum allow you to choose models for any room design.

For many people, the discovery will be that fluorescent lamps have many varieties. They can be selected for any kind of lighting: both for outdoor lighting and for lighting inside the house. The characteristics of the light bulbs also vary.

What is it and what are they called?

Fluorescent lamps are often called fluorescent lamps due to their ability to produce pure white light, close to natural light. They differ from all other varieties due to a different mechanism for creating lighting. Once upon a time, fluorescent lamps were not popular because the range of lighting shades was very scarce: only white-green or white-pink tones were found. However, a significant advantage was that it was possible to create lamps of various shapes. Soon designers appreciated the new product, highlighting all sorts of interesting details using fluorescent lamps of unusual configurations. So lamps firmly entered into everyday life.

It’s worth going into a little more detail about the operation of lamps. They glow due to the fact that an electric discharge in mercury vapor in the flask creates ultraviolet light, with which the phosphor subsequently reacts - a special coating on the walls of the flask. It converts UV radiation to visible to the eye spectrum of light. In terms of light output, fluorescent lamps are not much inferior to LED lamps. Lumens in LED bulbs do not always correlate closely with wattage, and the same can be said for fluorescent daylight bulbs. Do not confuse lumens with lux: the former show the light output of a light bulb, and the latter - the degree of illumination of the room.

Various bases are produced for fluorescent lamps: compact fluorescent light bulbs can even be purchased to replace ordinary incandescent lamps. Not only are models with phosphor brighter, they consume much less electricity and are also less harmful to eye health. The main disadvantage of fluorescent light sources is their harmfulness (if the bulb is cracked, then prolonged inhalation of mercury vapor can greatly harm the human body). Another drawback is the inability to use the lamp at low temperatures, as it simply will not turn on.

Species and types

Fluorescent lamps are divided according to many factors. One of them is size. There are compact models or large ones. Compact samples are often chosen as an alternative to ordinary incandescent lamps for ceiling chandeliers. They are equipped with a screw base. Large models are most often inserted into luminaires designed specifically for them. Lamps come in different shapes: long linear, tubular, curly. There are also more common configurations, for example, a round lamp or in the shape of a candle.

The finished model has the appropriate marking - designation of light temperature.

Based on the temperature of light, the following types are distinguished:

• LD – fluorescent lamp;
• LHB – cold white light lamp;
• LB – neutral white light lamp;
• LTB – warm white light lamp;

• LE – natural light lamp;
• LC, LV, LZ, LG, LS – red, yellow, green, blue, dark blue, respectively;
• LUV – ultraviolet lamps used for disinfection of premises.

The color lamp is widely accepted. It is often chosen for street lighting, which allows the use of fluorescent light bulbs. In the case of external lighting, shades must be used that create a suitable microclimate for the operation of luminescent models. For public institutions such as hospitals, administrative centers, and so on, it is customary to buy fluorescent lamps. There are single-lamp, two-lamp, four-lamp models depending on the size of the illuminated area. It is worth noting that due to certain characteristics of the lamps, a dimmer cannot be used to adjust the intensity of the light brightness.

Another popular model is energy-saving luminescent. It is made of several curved spirals and usually has a compact appearance and a screw base. On any energy-saving light bulb there is usually written about the principle of its operation. Please note that in the case of luminescent options, you should give preference only to high-quality options, since if the bulb depressurizes, significant harm will be caused to your health.

In general, there are variants of high and low pressure. The first type is used to create street lighting, and the second is for illuminating the living rooms of the house.

Characteristics

You can fully recognize the device of a particular model by looking at its markings. It reflects all the characteristics of the lamp. Important characteristic is the glow temperature. This aspect was discussed in more detail in the previous section. To measure the diameter of the flask, 1/8 inch is used in accordance with International Standards. When marking, the letter T and the corresponding part of the inch are placed, for example, T8 (25.4 mm). Please note that the thickness of the lamp directly affects how long it will last: models that are wider in diameter are much more durable than thin samples.

You can also find out about the bases and their number by the lamp marking.

The following types of connectors and socles are used:

• G24Q1;
• G24Q2;
• G24Q3;

In order to determine the network voltage, it is also enough to simply look at the lamp. The fluorescent light may be connected directly to a 220-volt power supply or may need to be reduced to 127 volts.

The shape configuration is reflected in the lamp designation. In addition to the standard designations, there are additional ones.

The standard ones include:

• The linear form has no symbol;
• U – horseshoe shape;
• S – spiral shape, usually used with compact lamps;
• C – candle lamp;
• G – sphere shape;
• R – in the form of an ordinary incandescent lamp with a reflector that sets the direction of the light flux;
• T – tablet lamp.

Additional values ​​include the following:

• M – small-sized. The letter comes after the one that denotes the shape, for example, TM - a small-sized light bulb of a round flat shape.
• P – body that scatters light.

Not all characteristics are listed, since each manufacturer considers it necessary to bring something different to the design of fluorescent light bulbs. There are, however, such important indicators as power, lamp sizes and the principle of their operation, and I would like to dwell on the listed points in more detail.

Power

Power marking is done using the letter W followed by a number indicating the number of watts in the light bulb. However, you should not focus only on power: in the case of fluorescent lamps, their light output means much more. Below is a table of the correspondence between the powers of fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps with equal light output.

Fluorescent lamp power Incandescent lamp power 6 30 7 36 8 40 9 45 10 40 11 55 12 60 13 65 15 75 16 80 18 90 20 100 23 115 24 120 26 130 36 180 55 275

The higher the lamp power, the wider or longer it is. For example, a linear design with a power of 18W with a diameter of 26 mm will be 590 mm, at 30W - 895 mm, at 36 W - 1200 mm, and at 58W - 1500 mm. The table clearly demonstrates the enormous efficiency of fluorescent lamps compared to traditional incandescent lamps. Capacity classification was made based on the most common choice. This includes models of both outdoor and indoor lighting.

There are several more nuances that relate to the power of energy-saving lamps. Regardless of the luminescent model chosen, over time it will lose some of its brightness. This is due to the gradual burning out of the element inside. You also need to know that 30% of the total power consumed during operation is necessary for the lamp to light up. Some lamps are equipped with a special starting system, which does not make them more economical. In such cases, electricity consumption simply stretches over time.

Regardless of the lamp power, it does not heat up much. Unlike incandescent lamps, the heating limit of the fluorescent version is 50-60 degrees Celsius. Even if you touch the lamp without gloves, it is almost impossible to get burned. Very few modern light bulb models can boast the same distinctive properties.

Dimensions

As mentioned above, there are compact models or standard large linear ones. Currently, compact fluorescent lamps are more often used, so it would be logical to dwell on them in more detail. Compact samples are light bulbs with a curved tube. Both U-shaped and spiral models are available. Compact versions are manufactured under different types bases, which opens up wide scope for replacing ordinary lamps with energy-saving fluorescent lamps.

There are models with screw bases, and there are those designed only for special fluorescent lamps. It is worth noting that models with a screw base are more expensive, since all fluorescent lamps require a ballast, and in such models it is built directly into the base body.

Compact energy saving lamps Daylight lamps differ from incandescent lamps in the following characteristics:

• Energy-saving models absorb 80% less electrical energy with the same light output as incandescent lamps;
• It is possible to choose the model of the desired light temperature;
• As a rule, the life of a compact fluorescent model is much longer than that offered by incandescent lamp manufacturers. Traditional tungsten light bulbs last about 1,000 hours, while a quality fluorescent replacement can last 6,000-15,000 hours without replacement;
• Due to the durability of daylight models, it takes much less time, effort and money to maintain and maintain them in working condition.

Large linear models are most often used for lighting in non-residential premises, for example, in warehouses. Due to the high pulsation coefficient, equal to double the ripple rate of the electrical network, they cannot be installed to illuminate moving conveyors without additional, more stable incandescent lamps.

Operating principle

Due to the special structure of the lamp, for long-term operation it must be equipped with a ballast, which makes it possible to neutralize the negative consequences of the fact that a large amount of current is passed through the lamp. Ballasts can be electromagnetic or electronic. Electromagnetic ballast is cheaper and simpler in design. However, this model has a number of serious disadvantages. The most significant of these is that lamps with such ballast flicker strongly and frequently. This leads to rapid fatigue, loss of strength, and also increases eye strain when working for a long time in a room with such lighting.

On top of that, options with electromagnetic ballast produce an unpleasant buzzing noise that can quickly cause headaches. There are also disadvantages that are not related to a person’s well-being. For example, lamps equipped with electromagnetic ballast take time to start up. Usually it fluctuates between 1-3 seconds, but as the model wears out it will increase. The lamps also consume more electricity than models with electronic ballast.

The electronic ballast converts standard mains voltage into high-frequency alternating current, which is then used to power the lamp. Such models are a little more expensive, but they do not produce noise, do not flicker, the ballast itself takes up less space and also weighs less. There are models that light up instantly, but such a starting system has a bad effect on the service life of fluorescent lamps. It is much better if there is a preheating system. In this case, the start-up takes about one second, which usually does not play a special role.

Thus, it is best to choose a model with electronic ballast, since its cost is not much higher and the advantages are obvious. Moreover, today this option is more common than with electromagnetic ballast, so there should be no problems with the search.

What brands are they producing?

Today, many manufacturers produce all kinds of light bulbs. There are models of both Russian and foreign production. Below are a number of companies that are highly trusted among consumers.

• G.E.- a company founded by Thomas Edison. If initially General Electric specialized only in the production of incandescent lamps, now it is one of the oldest and most respected brands in the world.

• Orsam is another world-famous brand that produces various types of lighting equipment, ranging from options for cars to grandiose lighting structures for public events.

• Phillips offers luminescent models high quality and accessories for them. Lamps are produced in different ways: both tubular and compact. There are different types of bases, suitable for both special lamps and ordinary ones.

• Lisma is a leading company in the production of lamps in Russia. The company offers high quality samples, as well as all the parts for them. The advantage is a large selection of models.

• Sylvania does not specialize in simple lamps, but on environmentally friendly ones. As you know, birds are very sensitive to ultraviolet radiation, so it is necessary to choose special models for the rooms in which they are kept. Similar options are produced under this brand.

• RUPP "Vityaz" produces products of average quality that have affordable prices. Many people prefer lamps from this company precisely because of the cost.

• Tomsk Electric Bulb Plant has been producing lamps since 2009 and has already gained a good reputation among users. The products have an attractive price and good quality.

In a word, there is plenty to choose from. You can choose a high-quality model to suit every taste and budget.

How to choose?

When choosing luminescent models, you need to focus on many factors. Some of them have already been given in this article. The lamp must be manufactured by a trusted manufacturer. Poorly made options are hazardous to health in case of depressurization. You should not buy a Chinese fake, because it will not last long, and no one needs mercury vapor in the air.

Focus on the purpose for which a fluorescent lamp is needed. There are specialized options for indoors, outdoors, and medical institutions. Luminescent options are used everywhere, including to maintain constant lighting in flowers or for keeping animals. In the latter case, you should pay special attention to the selection of the option; it must be suitable for these purposes, otherwise you will only harm the animals. Don't forget about the optimal light temperature. The most comfortable color for the eyes is natural white. When combining different colored models, try to select high-quality samples.

Pay attention to the type of ballast. It is best to choose an electronic one, since such lamps have proven themselves better.

Take a closer look at how the lamp works. It may imply a built-in starter or its presence in the lamp.

There are models of the following types:

• RS - rapid start - do not require a starter and ignite without preheating the elements.
• InS – instant start – models with gradual start “lag” when turned on by 1-3 seconds, but serve better.
• US – universal start – universal options.
• PHs – pre-heat start – fluorescent lamps requiring a starter.

Models that do not have such markings require a starter. This means that the lamp itself is designed this way.

How to check if it's working properly?

In order to check whether a failed fluorescent light bulb is in a suitable condition, you should carry out a small test:

• First, remove the lamp itself directly from the lamp and see if the tube has turned black. As a rule, the presence of large black spots indicates that the lamp has expired and will not light up again.
• Next, you need to check with a multimeter whether the filaments are intact. To check, set it to resistance testing mode and use a tester to check each of the threads one by one. If any of them is burned out, the value on the multimeter will be equal to one. In simple terms, this means that electrical circuit torn.
• If both of the above factors are in perfect order, then it is necessary to work with ballast.

The simplest thing you can do to check the operation of the ballast is to remove the fluorescent tube, connect ordinary cables to the body wires and install a standard light bulb between them. Please note that you cannot plug in an electrical appliance without a light bulb, otherwise the ballast may burn out. If the light bulb lights up, it means the ballast is working, and the problem is in the fluorescent tube itself: maybe the bulb has burst or one of the threads has burned out. If the light bulb does not light up, the ballast is faulty and the entire light fixture will have to be replaced.

These methods are only suitable for testing light bulbs that are already in use. Before purchasing a fluorescent lamp, you should check it directly in the store. If there is an unpleasant odor, strong flickering or other things that cause concern, feel free to ask to replace the model provided to you, otherwise it may burn out within a couple of weeks after purchase.

How to connect?

It is possible to connect one or two fluorescent lamps at the same time. For each of these methods, its own connection diagram has been developed. Take a look at the diagram. It clearly shows how and what mechanisms are connected to each other for proper operation. To begin with, the current from the network enters the inductor, where it is converted to further power the lamp. After the current has entered the lamp itself, it goes to the starter. Next, the current passes to another spiral of the light bulb, closing the circuit, and thus an electric discharge is formed inside the lamp, igniting the mercury vapor.

For two lamps, the operating principle is almost the same, except that the current from the inductor gradually flows into the two starters.

To connect the lamp, follow the instructions below:

• First you need to choose a suitable lamp. Pay attention not only to the aesthetic component, but also to whether the mains voltage in your home matches that indicated on the lamp. Otherwise, it will quickly fail.
• Depending on what type of lamp you have chosen, either screw it into the socket or fix it in the lamp by snapping it on both sides. In the second case, make sure to secure your option as indicated on the lamp body. Sometimes the performance of a lamp depends precisely on how correctly all the contacts are connected when connected.
• Check that the lamp is working properly by turning it on. When working properly, it will not flicker or make noise.

As you can see, connecting a fluorescent lamp yourself is not particularly difficult even for a beginner. The most important thing is to remember basic safety rules: do not work with bare wires when the mechanism is in current supply mode.

How to change?

Many people have difficulty replacing a fluorescent lamp with a new one on their own due to the fact that they have no idea how to remove a burnt-out model from the housing. Fortunately, there is nothing complicated about this:

• Turn off the power. It is advisable not just to turn off the light itself, but to completely de-energize the apartment.
• Hold the lamp firmly and begin to rotate it. You will have to rotate it all the way, the total angle is approximately 90 degrees. This will rotate the lamp pins to a vertical position.
• Next, gently pull the lamp towards you and down until it is completely disconnected. Place the dismantled light source in a safe place so that it does not break: remember, mercury vapor is dangerous to health and life!
• Carefully install the new light bulb. Repeat the path along which you pulled out the lamp, only in the opposite direction. Having reached the grooves, begin to gently twist the tube until it is completely fixed. You can check whether the light bulb is securely fastened by pulling it slightly.
• Check if the device is working. To do this, turn on the current in the apartment and flip the switch.

It is safe to say that replacing a lamp is very simple, and anyone can do it if desired. Do not forget to arm yourself with a stepladder if you are installing a lamp on the ceiling. This will make your work easier, while at the same time reducing the likelihood of accidentally dropping a faulty fluorescent lamp and breaking it. When replacing lamps in an office where panels of multiple lamps are usually protected with frosted glass, be sure to wipe down the inside of the lamp. It is not known when you will have the opportunity to clean it from dust, and besides, you will hardly want to do all the above manipulations specifically for this purpose.

Service life and disposal

Fluorescent lamps have one of the longest service lives today. Some manufacturers claim that their models are suitable for continuous operation for 20,000 hours. Such figures cannot but amaze, but the average operating life of such options is 13,000 hours. Models with a long service life are good for office spaces where it is not possible to constantly replace one lamp with another. It is worth noting that tubular models usually last longer than curly ones. The same rule applies to the diameter of the lamps: thicker models can be used longer than thin ones.

As you know, there are mercury vapors inside the flask, which is why the disposal of lamps must be carried out using a special technology. Abroad, fines have long been established for thoughtless handling of such equipment due to the great harm to the environment caused by disposal. Absolutely all fluorescent lamps have a warning that they cannot simply be thrown into the trash. Mercury is a toxic substance, and if a lamp is accidentally broken, its vapor will remain in the air for a long time, not moving anywhere and poisoning the space. Unfortunately, few people in Russia are concerned about this problem.

However, things are not all bad. There are some companies involved in the recycling of fluorescent lamps, but there are not many of them yet. The most simple solution will bring the burnt out lamp to the light salon. As a rule, specialists there know what to do with fluorescent light bulbs, and some even cooperate with recycling companies. Be sure to ask if you can take your burnt bulb to a large lighting store near you.

To learn how to restore a fluorescent lamp with your own hands, see the following video.

Fluorescent ceiling lamps are used for office and public buildings, in industry and for high-quality lighting of common areas in multi-apartment areas. These are economical systems in the form of built-in and surface-mounted luminaires, distinguished by power level, color temperature and number of lamps used. Among the most popular LPOs are 2x36, 2x18; for public buildings, 4x18 are usually used, which can be used with suspended ceilings.

The peculiarity of fluorescent lamps is their bright luminous flux, sufficient power and the ability to save up to approximately 80% of electricity compared to conventional incandescent lamps. In addition, compact models can be equipped with E14 and E27 sockets, which allows you to replace lighting sources without replacing the entire lamp.

In this article:

Fluorescent lamps - all the pros and cons

Fluorescent ceiling lights can be one-, two-, or four-lamp. They are the most profitable and economical, optimally suitable for public spaces. At the same time, the number of lamps for one lighting fixture largely determines the purpose of the lamp. Thus, two-lamp lamps are usually used for corridors and for lighting workplaces, while four-lamp 4x18 lamps are an ideal option for large spaces and rooms.

But, like any equipment, such systems have their advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include:

• ceiling lamps have good light output, a power of 20 W corresponds to 100 W for a conventional incandescent lamp;
• higher efficiency level;
• the spectrum is as close to natural as possible;
• you can choose the desired shade using a light device with neutral, warm or cold light;
• lighting fixtures create bright, diffused lighting that is pleasing to the eye;
• service life is about 20 thousand hours versus 1 thousand for incandescent lamps.

But when choosing this lighting option, you must remember that it is not recommended to use it with motion sensors and automatic switches. This is due to the fact that frequent switching on/off reduces the life of the lamp and significantly reduces its use.

The disadvantages of this type of lighting include:

• Light sources contain mercury, although its level is less than 1 gram for each product, but this still creates a certain health hazard if the bulb is damaged;
• special disposal conditions are required;
• during operation there is flicker, which negatively affects mental health and vision, so such systems are used for offices and public buildings;
• noise is heard during work, which may create discomfort, this does not matter for workplaces, shopping centers or offices, but for residential premises it is critical;
• the equipment requires the use of expensive electronic ballasts or chokes for starting, which creates a lot of noise;
• During prolonged use, the starter of the device gives a false start - a flash appears before ignition.

Fluorescent ceiling lamps are the optimal choice for office and public buildings. They are easy to use, practical, and have a longer service life than incandescent lamps. But during operation, the equipment makes noise, which does not allow it to be fully used for residential premises.

A special feature of such ceiling lamps is a bright, close to natural luminous flux. When choosing lamps for the office, it is recommended to give preference to systems at 400 Lux with a temperature of 6000 K, for corridors and small spaces - from 75 Lux with a temperature of 3000 K.

Comparative characteristics of LED lamps and ceiling models with standard fluorescent lamps 4x18:

Characteristics	LVO 4x18	DVO 600x600 (LED)
Power, W	71,5	49
Diffuser type	Opal	Opal
Luminous flux level, Lm	3500	4500
Glow, K	4000	4000
Power factor	0,92	0,95
Ripple, %	3	Up to 1
Power, V	198-264	198-264
Entering operating mode	1 second	0.1 seconds
Operational terms	12 thousand hours (for some models 20 thousand hours)	Up to 60 thousand hours
Weight	Up to 4kg	Up to 3.8 kg

Color options

For fluorescent chandeliers, the following color rendering markings are used, according to GOST 6825-91:

• white light - LB;
• daylight - LD;
• cool white shade - LCB;
• natural shade - LE;
• warm white - LTB.

In addition, models with an improved phosphor layer are produced, marked “C” and “TsTs”, multi-colored models (LG, LV, LZ and others) and ultraviolet LUV, special blue color LSR. The temperature index, color rendering index and flow temperature are also indicated on the packaging.

Scope of application of ceiling fluorescent lamps

The purpose of fluorescent lamps is quite wide. Most often these are industrial models and special office lamps with diffusers. Their shape can be square, which allows the use of lighting systems for suspended ceilings. For small rooms, rectangular models with one and two lamps can be used.

For indoor pools and rooms with high humidity levels, special waterproof models are used. Lighting devices protected from dust and dirt can be used for lobbies and even outdoors, for example, for exit groups. Special performance characteristics models are indispensable for construction sites.

Ultraviolet bactericidal lamps are used for medical institutions, kindergartens, canteens and restaurant kitchens. For offices, powerful and bright lamps with a white neutral and cold light flux with shades in the form of squares are best suited.

Fluorescent lamps are a modern and reliable solution for offices and industry. Economical, very easy to use and practical lighting devices that reduce energy consumption and improve the ergonomics of the room.

Just thirty years ago, could the owner of a standard apartment hope that he would have a choice of lighting sources and that he would be able to neglect the usual incandescent lamp?! Fluorescent fluorescent lamps have recently ceased to be perceived by consumers as exclusively office lamps; people have begun to move away from the stereotype that warm yellowish light is for the home, and cold white light is only an office option.

And modern lamps with fluorescent lamps have a decent spectrum - the choice of shades is as wide as the consumer needs it. Everyone can navigate the color (light) range of lamps using letter markings:

• LB – white light;
• LD – daytime;
• LE – natural;
• LHB – cold;
• LTB – warm.

Colored fluorescent lamps are used to illuminate street advertising, and here the color scheme has no restrictions.

For home, for garden, for office

Luminaires with fluorescent lamps are universal devices; they can be used in large and small apartments, in production workshops, in office spaces and as outdoor lights.

And let it be modern landscape design more inclined to equip the garden and personal plot with lamps that operate on solar powered, the long-lasting fluorescent light bulb on a support has not been canceled and, probably, will not be canceled. It’s one thing to have a little light near the paths, patio or directly on an alpine hill, and quite another thing to have a sufficient flow of soft, unobtrusive light from a lamppost.

Lamps for home

To equip a home with high-quality, durable and economical lighting, the market provides consumers with a wide range of modern lamps to choose from:

• overhead – for installation on plastered and plasterboard surfaces;
• built-in – for installation in slatted, suspended and suspended ceilings;
• rack - created specifically for rack structures;
• spot – for illuminating a small area.

Lamps for office

Office lamps are not much different from home lamps, but since in offices you have to strain your eyes more and read text in paper and electronic versions, experts advise using a lamp with 4x18 fluorescent lamps, the power of which allows you to feel comfortable and save your eyesight.

Optimal for office use:

1. Raster lamps - this type of lighting fixtures is built in instead of one of the sections of the suspended ceiling and is equipped with a diffuser grid.
2. Spot and recessed lamps can also rightfully be used for offices.

Lamps for industrial workshops

Working in large factory or factory floors is characterized by a certain atmosphere, not always positive - increased dust or humidity, the movement of large machines around the premises or the presence of large equipment.

To illuminate spacious and high workshops you should use:

• suspended ceiling lamps for rooms with high ceilings, differing in the installation method - they are mounted using cables that are adjustable in height.

When choosing luminaires for industry, their characteristics regarding the degree of protection from dust and moisture (from IP54 to IP65) are also important.

Street lighting

Experts call fluorescent lamps the most reliable type of street lighting today. The luminous flux of fluorescent lamps is no different from that of incandescent lamps, only the power of the light source is strikingly different.

So a 200 W incandescent lamp produces a flux of 2500 Lm, and we get exactly the same amount of light from a 60-80 W fluorescent lamp.

• high-pressure lamps are used to illuminate city streets;
• low pressure lamps - for personal plots.

What are they good for?

The first thing a consumer pays attention to when evaluating a lighting device is the comfort of lighting and energy efficiency. Ceiling lamps with fluorescent lamps comply with these two parameters perfectly. In addition, these lamps:

• durable, capable of operating uninterruptedly for 20,000 hours, and this is not the limit; samples have already been developed that operate for 40,000 hours;
• highly efficient (see above for an example of matching the luminous flux);
• modern and comfortable, available in various shapes and sizes;
• harmonious in any interior;
• protected from dust and moisture ingress;
• capable of suppressing radio waves.

For consumers planning to replace a couple of light bulbs in the bathroom, a separate piece of advice: pay attention to two-lamp fluorescent ceiling lamps 2x36, they are equipped maximum protection from moisture, these are used in rooms with a swimming pool, saunas, baths.

Disadvantages you should know about

A fluorescent lamp cannot be bought for pennies, and also for several tens of rubles. The high cost of the product is the first of the shortcomings that somewhat cools the buyer's fervor. There are other disadvantages that every potential buyer simply must know about:

• starting the lamp takes a few minutes;
• limited temperature regime - lamps do not work at temperatures below -250;
• frequent failure of the starter for fluorescent lamps;
• the impossibility of turning on and off frequently (that is, practically this can be done, but such actions shorten the life of the lamp);
• the lamp emits a low hum that is not very pleasant to the ear;
• presence of mercury compounds in the lamp;
• special disposal after the end of its service life.

Connection nuances

Direct connection to the power grid is contraindicated for these lamps: their negative resistance (the more current passes through the lamp, the more it loses resistance) requires connection through a ballast.

A resistor is not suitable as a ballast, since it will lose a large amount of energy, but a capacitor or inductor are perfectly acceptable options.

If you are “ripe” to buy

Buying a light bulb today is equivalent to buying a cow in the 18th century. And this is without any irony. Although the device is small, people buy it for many years, and in order for it to successfully serve the allotted time, it must be chosen correctly. And the price... This is not copper change for a Soviet light bulb in the household department, the amount is impressive, and hardly anyone is ready to throw away money just like that.

First, the consumer needs to decide for which rooms he is buying lamps with fluorescent lamps. Everything is important: area, ceiling height, humidity, dustiness, purpose of the room.

Study the labeling of the lamps (it is indicated on the box): some of them are intended for difficult microclimates, others for use only in favorable conditions, and others for rooms with high humidity.

Don't neglect these nuances, they are not as small as they seem. But don’t buy light bulbs with the highest protection ratings for the living room - they are of no use in this room.

When choosing, consider not only the design, but also the physical parameters of the lighting fixtures and always have an idea for what purpose you need lighting: for study and work, for a cozy dinner with your family, or for applying makeup in front of the mirror. Each of these cases requires different lamp power.

You want to leave the area of ​​​​too bright light as soon as possible - it is uncomfortable. A soft, unobtrusive stream of light has always been associated with home, family, twilight is an intimate light, suitable for bedrooms.

A thoughtful approach to choosing a light source is not just a banal instruction. The comfort of your stay depends on it. If you do not plan the location of the lamps in advance, their optimal power will remain unknown, and errors in placement are possible.

The light distribution of fluorescent lamps is different:

• direct projection - they shine only in one direction, convenient to place above a dressing table or a mirror in the bathroom to illuminate a specifically selected area (a single-lamp fluorescent lamp is often used for this purpose);
• scattered radiation - the direction of the rays goes in different directions from the light source; designers use such lamps to create a general light background in the room;
• combined radiation - two types of lamps are installed on the ceiling: with direct and diffuse radiation; uniformity of lighting with this option can be achieved with a larger number of lamps with direct projection of rays.

To keep the lamp from buzzing

A characteristic feature of old-style fluorescent lamps was their unpleasant and rather loud humming, which, as office workers and establishments complained, gave them headaches. Therefore, in enterprises and at home, they preferred not to use two-lamp fluorescent ceiling lamps - they believed that the more lamps, the louder the noise.

The hum remains in some new lamps in the mid-price segment (this is discussed in the section on the disadvantages of lighting devices).

The use of starting units for advanced samples eliminates the lamps from humming, flickering and noise when starting.

“Quiet” lamps have gained popularity, first of all, among employers and school principals, since they were able to combine their main dream: high-quality lighting + high productivity.