1. Novitsky Artyom Olegovich. Analysis of the potential impact of eSIM on market competition in the mobile operator market There is a review.
Co-authors: Kuregyan Samvel Vazgenovich, Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Economics and Law, Belarusian National Technical University
The article is devoted to the analysis of the characteristics of embedded SIM solutions, their potential impact on the market structure in the market mobile operators.

2. Olevsky Viktor Aronovich. New opportunity to create artificial intelligence (AI) There is a review.
This article shows the possibility of creating AI, in terms of deterministic decision-making of various kinds. This is carried out by the “Module for searching a block of information based on input data”, patented in 2017, patent No. 2652501.

3. Ivashko Kristina Sergeevna. MEDIA TEXT AS A SYSTEM FOR INFORMATION PRESENTATION There is a review.
Co-authors: Piguz Valentina Nikolaevna, head. computer department information technology State institution "Institute of Problems artificial intelligence" Izosimova Snezhana Aleksandrovna, leading information technology specialist of the CIT department State institution “Institute of Artificial Intelligence Problems”
The article examines the issue of text presentation in the media, which is implemented through interconnected models, the functional cycle of which is represented by a change of two phases: primary perception, comprehension of what was seen or heard, secondary - processing and assimilation of what was seen/heard. In particular, the article makes an attempt to reveal the role of the perception of visual text as a form of message that a media product carries, and as a form of cognition that reveals the inner essence of objects and phenomena. The complexity and depth of this kind of research lies in presenting a media text not only as a system for presenting information, but also as a system focused on the specification of information perception, and determining the effectiveness of using correctly selected words in a media stream.

4. Zinoviev Vasily Vladimirovich. Multidimensional numbers or Zero matter, but Infinity is finite! Division by Zero! There is a review.
The article describes a fundamentally new method of representing numbers, with which it is possible to solve the problem of data loss when multiplying by zero and obtaining uncertainty when dividing by zero.

5. Lyashenko Sofya Andreevna. QR code as an interactive marketing tool There is a review.
Co-authors: Moldovan Artyom Anatolyevich, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Corporate Finance and Business Valuation of St. Petersburg State University of Economics
Simple and fast interaction between consumers and marketers thanks to mobile technologies has led to increased use mobile means mass media as an interactive marketing tool in recent years. One such technology that can be used in interactive marketing for advertising is the QR code (Quick Response Code). QR codes used in marketing campaigns can provide links to specific websites that collect information about customer needs and desires through various tools (such as questionnaires or polling). The purpose of this baseline study is to illustrate the contribution of QR codes in realizing the benefits of interactive advertising.

6. Nasonova Elizaveta Vladimirovna. Uberization as one of the trends in the development of digitalization in logistics
Co-authors:
Digitalization is constantly penetrating all areas of our lives, and logistics is no exception. Digitalization increases the efficiency of the economy and, therefore, companies are introducing one or another trend of digital technologies in the production of their products (works, services). This paper examined the phenomenon of Uberization in the logistics industry.

7. Klishina Ekaterina Andreevna. Modern logistics software
Co-authors: Ermakov Ivan Aleksandrovich, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Logistics, State University of Management
This article provides an overview of developments and innovations that have been actively introduced into the field of logistics in recent years within the framework of software, which ensure increased efficiency of systems in enterprises and companies.

8. Ivanova Sofia Alekseevna. Technical techniques for monitoring and using modern software when implementing management decisions There is a review. Article published in No. 76 (December) 2019
Co-authors: Moldovan A.A., Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Corporate Finance and Business Valuation, St. Petersburg State University of Economics
The article analyzes information and management services that can be used in an organization to make management decisions. Their role in ensuring the transparency of processes, reducing subjective errors, transferring many tasks to electronic interaction, and reducing the time frame for implementing management decisions is considered.

9. Kvitko Anastasia Pavlovna. Information technology in business process reengineering There is a review.
Co-authors: Moldovan Artem Anatolyevich, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Corporate Finance and Business Assessment, St. Petersburg State Economic University
Today's environment is characterized by increasing levels of competition. Businesses wishing to increase their market share or generate profits must adapt to changes in the environment. Consequently, many changes in business practices are starting to emerge. One of these is business process reengineering (BPR), defined as the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to significantly improve critical, modern performance measures. Among the potential opportunities for BPR is information technology (IT). IT enables improvements in BPR, although not on its own. This article will demonstrate the importance of IT in one of the most prominent methodologies. Businesses can simplify their tasks, redesign their organization, change the way they work, and achieve dramatic improvements using, among other things, information technology.

10. Babayan Mikhail Garikovich. New hardware platforms for studying a free object in a quantum system There is a review.
Co-authors: Evgenia Valerievna Roshchina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Accounting, Don State Technical University
Over the past decades, new physical effects have begun to be used to construct standards: the quantum Josephson effect, the quantum Hall effect, the Meissner effect, the Mössbauer effect and other effects; quantum Josephson effects are important in the development of reference measuring equipment, as well as in the future and working measuring instruments. and Hall. Let's consider three examples of affine monoids. The first follows from information theory and provides a natural model of image distortion, as well as a multidimensional analogue of the binary symmetric channel. The second, from physics, describes the process of teleportation of quantum information with a given entangled state. The third is a purely mathematical construction, a free affine monoid over the Klein group four. Let us prove that all three of these objects are isomorphic.

11. Molchanova Oksana Evgenievna. Social networks in teaching English. Didactic properties of social networks. There is a review.
Co-authors: Bryksina Iraida Evgenievna, Candidate of Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Linguistics and Humanitarian Pedagogical Education, Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Pedagogical Institute
This article examines the didactic properties social networks and their application in learning English.

12. Kirillova Yana Gennadievna. DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR TRAFFIC CONTROL AND ANALYSIS USING A NEURAL NETWORK ALGORITHM There is a review. The article was published in No. 71 (July) 2019
Co-authors: Finogeev A.A., Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of CAD, Penza State University
Development of a model for representing the dependence and influence of selected factors and road parameters on the potential number of traffic violations.

13. Grigoriev Dmitry Vladimirovich. Modern hosting systems for small and medium businesses There is a review.
Co-authors: Pashchenko Dmitry Vladimirovich; Professor of the Department of Computing Machines and Systems, Penza State Technological University
The article is a description of hosting and its types. Examples of tariffs and selection criteria in various conditions are given. The safety issues of using such systems are also raised.

14. Sevostyanova Yulia Sergeevna. APPROACHES TO DESIGNING AN ONLINE COURSE IN CLASSICAL DANCE USING MODERN WEB TECHNOLOGIES There is a review.
Co-authors: Shuklin Dmitry Anatolyevich, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Corporate Training and Professional Development, Lecturer at the Faculty of Software Engineering and Computer Technology, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics
This article analyzes existing online courses on choreographic topics. Based on a comparative analysis, the most popular teaching methods have been identified and a concept for designing an online choreography course has been proposed.

15. Bazhan Pavel Vladimirovich. RESEARCH OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR CREATING THE PARALLAX EFFECT USING A WEB BROWSER There is a review. Article published in No. 70 (June) 2019
Co-authors: Gosudarev I.B., Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics
This article analyzes methods for creating a parallax effect, principles and algorithms for creating effects, basic tools for animating elements of a web page, and explores the possibilities of interactive interaction between the user and the web page.

16. Popova Alina Pavlovna. Big Data and Machine Learning There is a review. The article was published in No. 69 (May) 2019
Co-authors: Magomedov Ramazan Magomedovich, Associate Professor of the Department of Data Analysis, Decision Making and Financial Technologies, Financial University under the Government Russian Federation, Moscow
The article is devoted to the study of Big Data and its features, relevance of application and significance for our everyday life. Particular attention is paid to ways of processing this type of data, in particular, it considers machine learning as the most effective. Specific examples show how machine learning methods work.

17. Dzhabrailov Suleiman Israilovich. Methods for assessing the economic efficiency of using information technologies in the financial activities of enterprises There is a review. Article published in No. 70 (June) 2019
Co-authors: Dadaeva Bariyat Sharaputdinovna, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Dagestan State University
An article about methods for assessing IT effectiveness. The economic efficiency of IT implementation is the ratio of profit and total costs of the enterprise. The purpose of the article is to study methods of cost-effectiveness of IT implementation. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: give the concept of economic efficiency of IT, study the basic methods for assessing the economic efficiency of IT. Scientific novelty - recommendations have been developed to improve operational efficiency, including a balanced scorecard taking into account financial indicators. MRP, MRPII and ERP focus on internal organization enterprises, and CSRP systems contain a full cycle of business technologies from the design of a future product, taking into account customer requirements to warranty, service and maintenance. The main stages of assessing the effectiveness of IT implementation and application in an enterprise can be summarized in 3 stages: preparation, analysis and evaluation of technology choice; implementation - analysis

18. Akimova Elena Vladimirovna. ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESThe article was published in No. 69 (May) 2019
Co-authors: Lebedeva N.V., 1st year student of St. Petersburg Mining University
The article identifies the advantages and disadvantages of using an electronic signature and makes the following conclusion that the use of electronic signatures is an effective way to sign documents when electronic document management is being introduced into many areas.

19. Knyazkova Anna Vladimirovna. ORGANIZATION OF DECISIVE FIELDS OF DATA TRANSFORMATIONThe article was published in No. 69 (May) 2019
Co-authors: Strabykin D.A., Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Vyatka State University
Combinatorial-logical problems and problems of their solution associated with large dimensions are considered. An integrated approach to solving combinatorial-logical problems is proposed through the inclusion of function-oriented hardware, which is designed to perform applied mathematical software procedures that are difficult to implement using general-purpose computers. Basic data transformation operations are considered, such as data compression, expansion, vector interlacing and others. A solution to the main logical cell and the structure of the decision field is proposed.

20. Akimova Elena Vladimirovna. RESEARCH AND CLASSIFICATION OF COMB SORTING METHODArticle published in No. 68 (April) 2019
Co-authors: Ryaskova K.A., 1st year student of St. Petersburg Mining University
The article discusses the comb sorting method, its classification, analysis and program execution using the Visual Basic programming language. The implementation and advantages of unstable comb sorting are described, and examples of testing the program on various data are given.

Information Technology. Pros or cons.

In the early 80s, the advent of the computer created a revolution not only in the development of science and technology, but also in education and management. At first, this was the case.

1985 - a new subject - computer science - was introduced in schools. The subject was introduced, but there were no technicians or specialists capable of teaching. So we studied the subject at the same time as the guys. The appearance of cars in schools is a huge breakthrough - children's and teachers' interest is enormous (I'm lying about teachers - the older generation is still afraid of cars). Then I saw the advantages of electronic document management at school - I typed it once - then just make changes. Document processing time is reduced tens, if not hundreds of times.

Children master new technology almost instantly (much faster than adults). The perception of information of people before the computer era is fundamentally different from the perception of a modern person (that’s why I considered myself a relic) - we studied on paper and in order to receive information I had to read it, and sometimes sit with a pen over the text. The modern child perceives information in blocks. A child who cannot read surfs the Internet better than a competent engineer. Is this a plus or a minus? This is a fact.

With the development of the technical base, new problems appeared.

Electronic toys - children (and many adults) are ready to play for days. Today no one knows how to fight this.

Internet - we get any information without leaving home. But what about reliability? It's easier with the exact sciences. What to do with history and social studies. Two years ago, the prosecutor’s office came to the school to check Internet access. A nice girl typed in the website address and found pornography. After the reprimand, I wanted to write a letter to the prosecutor’s office with a request to send the addresses of my favorite sites. True, after checking, Internet filters were installed on the computers, which are not even allowed into Yandex.

In the 90s, the best students wrote essays at home, and in the computer science classroom they converted them into electronic form, checked their spelling, and, without errors, copied them into a notebook. Today, reports and presentations are downloaded from the Internet without even being read (not to mention formatting the text).

In the Soviet Union, letters took weeks to arrive, but now the addressee receives letters almost instantly. Comfortable! I typed out one request and sent it in one fell swoop to all departments. Previously, you would have had to spend half a day just on telephone messages... More than a hundred letters arrive at the school’s address during the week, and almost all of them require information.

Document flow. The amount of paperwork coming out of and within the school is impressive. And this flow is growing. In our school, they require a separate program for each class, indicating the date of lessons in each class (there are 26 programs in my folder). This is only for this year. Experience suggests that next year again it will be necessary to change not the content, but the form of presentation...

If, in my opinion, it is useless to fight with students and the Internet with methods of administration, then it is quite possible to create unified and stable forms and a list of outgoing and internal school documents, and determine the circle of people who have the right to use this resource.

A business letter is no more than one page in size - otherwise no one will read it. I'll end here.

Municipal educational government institution

secondary school

Oparino village, Kirov region

Computer in human society

Abstract on computer science and ICT

9th grade students "B"

Tsvik Natalia

Supervisor

Richter Natalya Anatolyevna

Oparino - 2016 Table of contents

Introduction

It is impossible to imagine life today without computers; they have become an integral part of it.

But the first computer appeared more than half a century ago in the USA. This event was connected, on the one hand, with advances in the field of electronics, and on the other, with the needs of mathematicians, physicists and other specialists in automating calculations. Early models of computers were called electronic computers(COMPUTER). High cost and the need for special education limited their widespread use. For many years, computers remained only a tool for scientific calculations.

At first, both the scientists who created the new machine (J. Ogli and J. Kkert) and entrepreneurs did not see any special opportunities for its use in economics, business and other harmless areas (since, after all, the main purpose of this machine was to carry out calculations to create new weapon systems).

Now this episode can only be considered as a curiosity associated with forecasting errors. And with the beginning of mass production of computer parts, reducing their dimensions and weight by hundreds and thousands of times compared to the first samples, it became possible to install a new generation computer (from the 80s) on a desktop. The price of such a computer has also dropped significantly. Now it has become available not only to wealthy companies, but also to individual citizens. The computer came closer to a person and began to be called personal. Moreover, science has found that many intellectual operations are presented in the form of fairly large and complex sets of elementary, logical and arithmetic ones. This made it possible to simulate on modern computers many of the functions previously considered the prerogative of humans. Today, machines prove mathematical theorems, analyze monuments of world literature, play chess and perform many other actions that until recently could only be performed by an intellectually developed, qualified specialist.

The computer is just a tool of human activity and, like any other tool, is used by society to solve problems and achieve goals that are determined by its social, economic, and ideological characteristics.

The development of civilization, already in the early stages, sharply increased the number of “business” papers - all kinds of certificates, reports, statements, etc. Countless thousands of scribes worked in numerous offices. But the further development of civilization made it possible to make human work easier. The use of desktop and then pocket calculators greatly simplified calculation techniques and provided significant assistance to accountants, engineers and people in other professions. And more and more often we come across computer technology and its activities when paying bills, calculating salaries, ordering tickets, etc.

You will no longer surprise anyone with the enormous speed of computers, their small size and large memory. And we can say with confidence that the improvement of these smart machines will continue.

1. Personal computer- this is not luxury

From the first days of their appearance to this day, personal computers have remained very popular. What is the reason for their success and what are they for? The computer is universal remedy for storing, processing and transmitting information. It is capable of doing a lot of useful things and thereby making life easier for the user – the person working at the computer.

We live in a world of computers. They play an essential role in our work, education, leisure and communications. Bank tellers, travel agents, secretaries, accountants, journalists, insurance agents, telephone exchange operators, teachers, students and others use computers every day. However, for many people, these devices are still surrounded by mystery.

To understand what computers are, you need to understand two main points: computers are tools for processing information (such as words, numbers, images and sounds), tools that expand our capabilities. For example, tools like a hammer or a gate expand our physical capabilities; a telescope or telephone expands the capabilities of our senses. Computers are tools that expand our mental abilities.

Devices such as a tape recorder or calculator also help us process information. However, each of these devices performs a limited set of operations (memorization or calculation), and on information of a certain type (sounds or numbers). The advantages of computers are that they have extensive capabilities for processing all types of information. Computers can help us remember, retrieve, organize, compare, modify, transmit, receive, and analyze words, numbers, images, and sounds.

The second important point is that computers must be given instructions in the form of a program in order for them to do anything at all. A program is a sequence of detailed, step-by-step commands written in a language that the computer understands. The computer accurately executes the program's commands. He does not have common sense and knowledge of how this or that business is usually done. A computer cannot understand or execute unclear or ambiguous commands, no matter how obvious they may be to a human. Therefore, when you read or hear: "Computer made", it means: "The computer was programmed to do."

Every program tells you how to perform some function. The amazing flexibility of computers comes from the fact that they can execute commands in any program, and we, by creating an infinite number of different programs for any computer, choose when to use one or another of them.

2. Computers as educational tools

The wide information processing capabilities of computers make them, in principle, suitable for a variety of uses in the field of education. They can facilitate teaching and learning at all levels, from preschoolers mastering the alphabet to doctors learning new diagnostic techniques. Computers are suitable for use in areas such as language arts and mathematics, history and science, vocational training, music and the visual arts, and reading and writing. Computers open up new ways to develop thinking and problem-solving skills and provide new opportunities for active learning. With the help of computers, you can make the conduct of lessons, exercises, tests, and record of progress more efficient. This relieves teachers and allows them to devote more time to individual lessons. Computers can make many lessons more interesting and compelling, and a wealth of information easily accessible. Computers can be programmed to create various images, played music, did calculations, served as typewriters, and sorted through the classroom magazine. They converted written text into speech, measured student reaction times, controlled tape recorders and video disc players, and generally created an environment for creative and fun learning.

The possibilities for using computers for learning are endless. Their general availability could lead to fundamental changes in the school curriculum, to a more complete solution to educational problems, to new means of teaching disabled people, to expanded opportunities for self-education and home schooling.

In addition to their potential as teaching tools, computers themselves should become an important object of study. Understanding their capabilities and limitations is necessary for every educated person.

A computer is a tool, but it differs from all other tools in that it processes information and can be programmed to perform many jobs. But just like other tools, it can serve good and bad purposes. With a hammer you can build, but you can also destroy. The computer can be used to create original stories, music, paintings, to explore complex relationships in the natural sciences, or to play mostly mindless games. The extent to which computers influence students depends on how students use them.

2.1. Computer - teacher

Computers can be programmed to have many of the advantages and none of the disadvantages of books, movies, and teachers. Good programs give computers some flexibility and “responsiveness”, which are fully manifested in the process of communication between a student and a teacher and are completely absent when teaching with the help of books and films. The computer can assess the student’s knowledge before the start of classes and closely monitor the learning of the material during the lesson. The computer can adapt the level of material, the speed of its delivery, and the number of repetitions to each child individually. The computer, like a book, provides the opportunity for each student to work at the most appropriate pace and makes the knowledge of specialists in any field accessible to everyone. Computers allow the use of pictures, moving images and sounds. Although these pictures and sounds are not as advanced as those in the movies, they still help introduce new concepts and keep students' attention. The recent combination of computers with video disks has made it possible to use images and sounds in computer-based lessons that are not inferior in quality to films.

The advantage of computers is that they are absolutely objective, do not get irritated, do not experience disappointment when faced with difficult students. This, coupled with the ability to interact, maintain attention, and communicate individually, makes computers a particularly valuable tool for teaching difficult children.

In schools, computers can be used to teach lessons in many subjects, and in several ways. Sometimes they are the main means of studying a section.

2.2. Text recognition

You don't have to type the text yourself. If the text already exists in printed form, it can be entered into the computer using special device- scanner and get a corresponding graphic image. And then, using an optical recognition system (OCR), extract text from the resulting image and as a result it will become available to other programs.

Optical text recognition systems are widely used in those areas where it is necessary to enter and process significant amounts of information into a computer, in particular, when organizing streaming data input for various information systems, automation of office activities, etc.

Of course, an OCR system, like a person, can make mistakes. The reliability of its operation and recognition speed largely depend on the quality of the source text. “Good” texts, from a printing point of view, have few errors, no more than 1-2 per page.

OCR systems are capable of working with texts in different languages, including mixed texts of arbitrary styles and sizes. In some cases, to improve the quality of recognition, it may be necessary to expand the system's font base by training it. To combat inevitably occurring errors, a specialized electronic corrector built into the system is used. Today the following recognition systems are sold on the Russian market:

FineReader ( BitSoftware, Inc), CuneiForm ( Cognitive Technologies Ltd), Author(Okrus).

2.2. Information systems

An information system is a program or software complex designed to accumulate and process various information. Depending on the nature and volume of information processed, the flexibility and power of the tools available for this, all information systems can be divided into two large groups: personal systems and professional systems.

Professional information systems are much more complex and more expensive than personal ones; they allow you to store large volumes of information and have developed capabilities for processing it. Depending on the thematic focus, information systems are divided into legal, bibliographic, medical and others.

Each information system consists of two parts: filling and shell. The content of the system, called the database (DB), is a collection of information contained in the system. Methods for entering, placing and presenting this information are regulated at the stage of creating the system. As a result, all the information inside the database is structured in a certain way, which greatly facilitates access to it and the search for the necessary information.

The shell of an information system, called a database management system (DBMS), is a special environment. While working in it, the user can perform various actions with the database. These include such common operations as: searching the database for information that meets certain criteria, viewing existing information and entering new information, sorting it, printing it, and others.

2.3. Global computer network Internet

Internet - global computer network, covering the whole world. Today the Internet has about 15 million subscribers in more than 150 countries. The network size increases monthly by 7-10%. The Internet forms a kind of core that connects various information networks belonging to various institutions around the world with one another.

If previously the network was used exclusively as a medium for transferring files and email messages, today more complex problems of distributed access to resources are being solved. About two years ago, shells were created that support network search functions and access to distributed information resources and electronic archives.

At a low cost of service (often just a flat monthly fee for the lines or telephone used), users can access commercial and non-commercial information services in the United States, Canada, Australia and many European countries. In free access archives Internet networks you can find information on almost all areas of human activity, from new scientific discoveries to the weather forecast for tomorrow.

In addition, the Internet provides unique opportunities for low-cost, reliable and confidential global communications around the world. This turns out to be very convenient for companies with branches around the world, transnational corporations and management structures. Typically, using the Internet infrastructure for international communication is much cheaper than direct computer communication via satellite channel or via phone.

E-mail- the most widespread service on the Internet. Currently, approximately 20 million people have an email address. Sending a letter by e-mail is much cheaper than sending a regular letter. In addition, a message sent by e-mail will reach the recipient in a few hours, while regular letter It can take several days, or even weeks, to reach the addressee.

The Internet is currently experiencing a period of growth, largely due to the active support of European governments and the United States. Every year in the United States, about 1-2 million dollars are allocated to create new network infrastructure. Research in the field of network communications is also funded by the governments of Great Britain, Sweden, Finland, and Germany.

However, government funding is only a small part of the incoming funds, because The "commercialization" of the network is becoming increasingly noticeable (80-90% of funds are expected to come from the private sector).

3. Personal computer - a means of increasing a person’s creative abilities and intelligence

3.1. Robot and man

Looking into the depths of a modern robotic enterprise, we will not find there the “iron cyborgs” so familiar from science fiction novels, impassively bent over the machines. At the same time, modern industrial production is so saturated with a variety of machines that sometimes you get the feeling that the entire plant is one giant robot.

The term “robot” itself, as you know, came from literature. A little over half a century ago, Czech writer Karel Capek wrote the play “R.U.R.” (Rossum's Universal Robots), the characters of which were people and robots - humanoid machines. This is how the concept of “robot” first appeared - an artificial analogue of a living, thinking creature, which soon began to play an important role not only in science fiction literature, but also in science and technology.

Still, let’s try to answer the question: “What is a robot?” Let's take the analogy of a robot and a person. What qualities are we interested in in this case? Firstly, mental abilities, which cover perception, learning, memory, logic, etc. Secondly, physical abilities, which include strength, speed, reliability, stability of basic characteristics. And finally, thirdly, functionality of a person, namely: versatility (the ability to perform various jobs well), the ability to perform complex movements (dexterity), adaptability (adaptability to various changes in external factors).

It is precisely this coincidence of qualitative spaces that constitutes the anthropomorphism of the robot, that is, its resemblance to a human being. In other words, a robot is an anthropomorphic model of a person. That is why, recently, the concept of “Artificial Intelligence” is being used more and more often with the concept of robot.

A modern robot is an amazing concentration of the seemingly incompatible. IN English speaking countries to characterize the robot they use the untranslatable term “kluge", meaning a system consisting of disparate components whose designers never intended to use them together. Indeed, what case could merge into a qualitatively new formation a pumping station and a modern computer, a polynomial mechanical arm and television camera? Developing independently, all these components of the robot reached a certain perfection, when it was not chance, but the daring thought of engineers that brought them together to serve humans even better. However, this required overcoming narrow interdisciplinary frameworks, terminological barricades, psychological barriers and a host of other obstacles that are common in a new business...

So, robots are systems that are capable of replacing humans in various fields of activity due to their abilities to “think” and “do” (of course, the ratio between “think” and “do” is different for different robots). The areas of application of robots are already extremely diverse, from medical care, where they act as a nurse and care for the sick, to research work, where robots can replace humans in the depths of the ocean and on other planets.

3.2. Computer graphics

In addition to word processing, the PC is excellent for preparing graphics and is widely used in the work of newspaper and magazine editorial offices, book publishing houses, and advertising agencies. By using graphic editors create illustrations, develop the style and logo of companies, and prepare advertising.

Graphics programs designed for professional use allow you to enter and process black-and-white and color photographs, slides, images from a VCR, TV, and video camera on a computer. For example, using presentation graphics packages, you can create advertising and demonstration videos rich in special effects, supplementing them with music and speech if desired.

Independent direction graphics programs with developed capabilities are computer-aided design systems. With their help, designers determine appearance cars, preparing new collections of clothing models, etc.

Displaying an image on a display screen and various actions with it, including visual analysis, require sufficient geometric literacy from the user. Geometric concepts, formulas and facts, related primarily to flat and three-dimensional cases, play a special role in computer graphics problems. Geometric considerations, approaches and ideas, combined with the ever-expanding capabilities of computer technology, are an inexhaustible source of significant advances towards the development of computer graphics and its effective use in scientific and other research. Sometimes even the simplest geometric techniques provide noticeable progress at individual stages of solving a large graphical problem.

3.3. Computer Games

You can not only work effectively at the computer, but also have a good rest. This fact is convincingly proven by numerous companies producing entertainment programs. It's no secret that most beginners begin their acquaintance with computers with games, and with the widespread use of home PCs game programs are becoming more and more popular.

Personal computers at the dawn of their appearance (in the early 80s) served mainly for entertainment purposes. The first PCs were sold as toys of sorts. They could play special games called “video games.” This computer, produced in 1984, looked like a keyboard unit slightly thicker than a sketchbook. It connects to any home TV and standard cassette recorder. After this, you can put a cassette with a video game program recorded on it on the tape recorder and turn on the tape recorder for playback. The program will be entered or, as they say, “loaded” into the PC memory and you can start the game.

With a PC you can also play our popular video games “hockey”, “tennis”, fight tic-tac-toe, sea battle, chess, etc. Not only children, but also adults are interested in video games.

“It is very important that scientific work there was always room for humor and entertainment... The productivity of scientific research in computer technology, both serious and humorous developments, is explained primarily by a free theoretical atmosphere in which new ideas seem to be generated half by people and half by themselves cars. One might even say that without this cheerful mood there would not have been rapid scientific progress.”

It is important to note that the same gaming home microcomputer with which you can fight for hours in naval battles successfully serves as a tireless tutor, presenting arithmetic or physics problems and then carefully checking their solutions. He himself will remind you of a grammar rule that the student forgot, show a color drawing to make a difficult theorem easier to remember, and explain the topic again if the student was sick or was not very attentive in class. We will talk about this in more detail in the next section.

3.4. Computers and creativity

Computers with appropriate software are powerful tool for creative expression in literature, painting, music. Word processing programs make writing and editing less tedious, allowing you to write more and better. Graphics programs help create paintings, animations, and special visual effects. Music composition programs open up new opportunities for studying music, even for those who do not know how to play a musical instrument.

The music and sound effects produced by computers have evolved far beyond the sounds of a table tennis ball bouncing, which for many people was the first “computer” sound they heard. In addition to reproducing the sounds that accompany video games, computers are used to create music and sound effects for movies, records, and concerts. The computer not only imitates the sound of any instrument, but also produces completely new sounds. He can change the pitch, tempo and timbre of music, as well as manipulate sounds in other ways. These capabilities make the computer a powerful new creative tool for both composers and performers.

In addition to their own ability to create sounds, computers can control special musical instruments connected to them. Together with the appropriate software, these tools allow computers to reproduce any musical sounds, as well as special sound effects.

Conclusion

Thus, computerization has become not just a fact of scientific and technological progress. It powerfully invaded the social life of society, affecting its deepest layers: everyday life, leisure, education. Being one of the most outstanding achievements of the modern stage of scientific and technological progress, computer technology is considered as a catalyst for sudden growth of labor productivity in all spheres of social production. It is an amplifier of the intellectual power of society, manifested in the acceleration of the pace of development of science and technology, literature and art, a factor in accelerating the processes of production and dissemination of knowledge and the transition to new technologies of the 21st century, based on the “processing of knowledge” and this could and should have manifested itself the power of the computer!

Also, in conclusion, I would like to summarize what was said above and draw conclusions. As already noted, computers have become an integral part of our lives and it is difficult to imagine how people would manage without them in some areas of their activity, for example, in management artificial satellites Earth or tomography. The importance of these machines is almost impossible to overestimate, which is worth the operation alone, performed by medical luminaries at a distance with the help of special robots. But we must remember that without the initial participation of humans, the activities of programmers, computers could not do anything at all. That is why, in my opinion, it is a mistake to attribute all achievements only to computers.

Of course, we cannot talk only about the positive impact of computers on human life, because universal computerization has had a negative impact on it. Yes, computers have significantly speeded up processes that require repeating monotonous operations; Yes, they improved the quality of education and expanded the ways of obtaining it, allowing people with disabilities to feel like full-fledged members of society. Yes, human creativity has opened wide and acquired some other directions related to the use of computers. But there is also the other side of the coin: firstly, people today are losing touch with each other, for some the virtual world has replaced the real one and normal human communication, much more sincere in its essence, has become unacceptable. Secondly, many smart computer thieves and hackers have appeared, which forces them to create enhanced security measures to avoid financial losses and information leakage. Thirdly, no matter how reliable the technology, it still remains a technology that tends to break down, which threatens all sorts of losses and the possibility of losing control over the system.

And I think that, having assessed all the positive and negative features of computerization, we, the generation of the 21st century, need to develop a new concept in the creation and implementation software products and information systems, which take into account everything: social, economic, political factors, so that the people of the future have something to be proud of, and not something to rack their brains about, correcting our mistakes.

References

1. Aglitsky D.S. and others. Computers in the office and at home: Infra-I-N, 1997

2. Alekseev V.E., Petrov A.V. and others. Computational technologies in engineering and economic calculations. – M.: Higher School, 1990

3. Zhuravlev A.N., Pavlyuk K.M. Language and computers. – M.: Education, 1989

4. Zuev S.T., Rastrigin L.A. Computers, systems, networks... - M.: Nauka, 1982

5. Kanygin Yu.P., Zotov B.K. What is computer science? – M.: Nauka, 1989

6. Kleiman G.N. Schools of the future: computers in the learning process. – M.: Education, 1987

7. Kosnevsky P.R. Schools of the future: entertaining mathematics and PC / Translation from English. – M.: Mir, 1987

8. Kochetov G.P. The power and powerlessness of the computer. - M.: Education, 1987

9. Kushnarenko I.S. Fundamentals of computer science and computer technology. – M.: Nauka, 1991

10. Lyapikov V.S., Sarkhanov M.P. What a computer cannot do. – M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1989

11. Michie D., Jonathon R. Computer – Creator. – M.: Education/translation from English, 1999

12. Naumov B.N. Informatics. Computer literacy. – M.: Nauka, 1988

13. Peregudov M.A. Halamizer A.P. Side by side with the computer. – M.: Mir, 1987

New information technologies, which appeared relatively recently and have been rapidly developing over the past 20 years, have become quite integrated into our lives.

It is difficult to imagine modern man without mobile communications, computer and internet skills. We live in the 21st century - the century of high-speed information transmission. What is currently valued is: the speed of transmission and receipt of new information,

Ability to quickly analyze and process the resulting material.

One of the main criteria for assessing the professionalism of a teacher is mastery of modern educational technologies, which include not only the use of a computer, but also various means of technology and communication.

At the present stage, in connection with the strategy of modernization of education, the main points of a modern school are quality, efficiency and accessibility.

Modernization dictates the need to develop the cognitive interests, abilities and capabilities of the child. The lesson should be bright, effective, emotional, and most importantly, productive. These factors primarily depend on the teacher and his professionalism.The Education Modernization Strategy emphasizes the need to change teaching methods and technologies at all levels, increasing the weight of those that develop practical skills in information analysis, self-study, stimulate independent work of students, and form the experience of responsible choice and responsible activity. There is a need fornew training model , built on the basis of modern information technologies, implementing the principles of personality-oriented education.Thus, the following requirements for the school of the future can be identified:

The school must develop the creative potential of each student, i.e. implement a personal approach in the learning process.

The school must teach the student to learn. Learn to work with information.

Both teachers and students must master information and telecommunication technologies.

Therefore, it is necessary to rebuild the traditional lesson, focusing on educational requirements modern society and man.

Information technology-a set of methods, production processes and software and hardware, combined technological process and ensuring the collection, storage, processing, output and dissemination of information to reduce the labor intensity of the processes of using information resources, increasing their reliability and efficiency.

The process of data processing in EIS is impossible without the usetechnical means, which includecomputer, input/output devices, office equipment, communication lines, network equipment.

Computer teaching technologies- these are the processes of preparing and transmitting information to the learner, the means of which is the computer.

Computer teaching aids are called interactive, they have the ability to: “respond” to the actions of the student and teacher,

“enter” into dialogue with them.

The computer can be used at all stages of the lesson. At the same time, at different stages of the lesson it performs different functions:

teachers,

Working tool,

Learning object,

Collaborating team

Leisure (game) environment

Computer lesson –
any lesson using a computer as a teaching tool.

Computer usage intensity:

0% of lesson time – ordinary lesson,

Partial use – computer lesson,

100% of the lesson time - essentially, there is no lesson, there is computer training.

The introduction of information technology into the educational process of schoolchildren ensures

Access to various information resources and helps enrich the learning content,

Gives it a logical and search character,

Solves problems of finding ways and means

Information technologies contribute to:

• activating the cognitive interest of students,
• development of their creative abilities,
• stimulation of mental activity,
• stimulation of independence,
• organization of individual training,
• meeting educational needs.

The use of ICT technologies in the classroom is necessary - this is a requirement of the time, which diversifies the lesson, allows you to increase its density, and intensify the work of students.

Types of computer technologies:

Computer demonstration technology -educational information about the object being studied.

Computer simulation technology– a set of techniques, methods, processing methods, information exchange, transportation, broadcasting of information presented in any form (symbolic, text, graphic, audio-video information) using modern means communications that provide information interaction between users. Modeling - performance various characteristics behavior of a physical or abstract system by another system.

Mathematical modeling- a method for studying processes and phenomena using their mathematical models.

Technology of using programmed learning environments. This is the user's interaction with software system, characterized by the implementation of more developed means of dialogue. At the same time, it is possible to select options for the content of educational material and the mode of working with it. The interactive mode of user interaction with a software system is characterized by the fact that each of his requests causes a response from the system and, conversely, the latter’s response requires a user reaction. Job in a mobile computer lab. Installed on every computertraining program. For example: Students individually solve spelling problems using different rules.

Indispensable in lessons for consolidation and controlcomputer testing technology.A huge number of electronic educational resources have appeared on the Internet, which represent an extensive system of online tests on each topic being studied. This ICT technology is an excellent tool for implementing multi-level learning technology. The teacher has the opportunity to help the weak, pay attention to the strong, and the desire of strong students to advance faster and deeper in education is realized. Strong students are confirmed in their abilities, weak students get the opportunity to experience academic success, and the level of learning motivation increases. Weak students can be offered a traditional test. The material in it is presented less voluminous, structured, and uniform. Strong students can navigate multi-level tests, complete several types of work during a lesson, and receive several grades. Of course, such lessons require additional technical equipment.

Project-based learning technologyhas long taken its place in the teaching system of many teachers and is not new. Nevertheless, its advantages are obvious: working using this method makes it possible to develop the individual creative abilities of students and to take a more conscious approach to professional and social self-determination. I also use design technologies, but always with ICT support. The output product of any such project should be a digital educational resource, which can then be used by any participant in the educational process.

Forms of organizing e-learning:

• Information and training programs
• Ready-made electronic manuals
• Presentations
• Encyclopedias on CD
• Computer textbooks
• Internet

Information and training programs.Currently, a market has been formed in Russia special programs, created for use as a teaching aid (didactic tool) in lessons in various subjects. Today, there are dozens of different educational programs available on a PC, CD or on the Internet. These include:

Programs - libraries(collections various texts), equipped with search engines. They are also an electronic version of paper publications.

Tutor programs- focused on the final stage of training (example: intensive preparation for the exam).

Problem books - programs, allowing you to organize the process of acquiring new knowledge in a fun way. In form, these programs resemble games, but in essence they contain serious educational tasks.

Educational reference books.

Training programs.

Presentations

• Increase interest in the lesson;
• Can be used throughout the lesson or in parts;
• Compact lesson material;
• Time saving:
• tests, independent work, generalization and systematization of knowledge;
• Various programs
• constructions, video clips and animations.

Preparing presentations is a creative process, often a joint activity between teacher and student. Presentations are effectively used at various stages of the lesson and in extracurricular activities, which allows you to quickly and deeply perceive the material being studied. When preparing a presentation, the student conducts a huge amount of research, uses a large number of sources of information, and shows a creative approach to the subject being studied. In the process of demonstrating a presentation, he gains experience in public speaking and can act as a teacher. As a rule, it takes about three hours to prepare one presentation using excerpts from multimedia encyclopedias, graphics and animation, and audio.

Encyclopedias on CD.

These discs contain not only illustrations, videos, but also texts that are already adapted for children's perception

Computer textbooks

• Textbooks, problem books, reference books, encyclopedias;
• Various construction programs;
• Video clips and animations of experiments and experiences;
• Virtual laboratory, practical work;
• Tests, independent work;
• Generalization and systematization of material for preparation for certification

Electronic interactive whiteboard - modern digital device

All information, as well as all programs, lesson developments, sounds, videos, etc. can be found on the World Wide Web Internet. The Internet has enormous potential for educational services (e-mail, search engines, electronic conferences) and becomes integral part modern education. By receiving educationally significant information from the network, the following skills are acquired: purposefully finding information and systematizing it according to given criteria; see information as a whole, and not fragmentarily, highlight the main thing in the information message.The Internet provides enormous opportunities for users, whose worldwide network includes e-mail and provides access to graphic and multimedia content on the Web. The concept of multimedia includes a multi-compact information environment, the totality of which is text information(texts, numerical data), audio (speech, music, sound effects), video (animation, video, graphic images). There are also search engines, channels for negotiations and discussions in real time, games, and news. Without leaving home or visiting libraries, you can find the latest information, since the Internet has a huge number of paid and free databases and a wide variety of knowledge. Using the Internet, you can access many correspondence courses, take part in discussions, and find information about almost any type of human activity.From the existing database, the teacher can select text content, documents, various types of visual aids, and recommendations for their use in the educational process for various types and forms of lessons. There are lesson developments, educational tasks, games, slide films

High school students not only use information contained on the Internet, but also read publications of new data in real time. They become active users of computer technology: they construct models of concepts, evaluate their preparedness and quality of work. In the process of completing the task, the student can modify the text obtained from the Internet, select illustrations and put forward his arguments, building the logic of the proof.

Using the Internet, it is possible to remotely present elective courses and organize online elective classes. High school students study history on the basis of a remote multimedia educational and methodological complex - the computer "History of the Fatherland. 1882-1917." E-mail allows you to consult students and edit their materials, and give answers within the forum. In turn, students take part in remote team competitions and olympiads, and create a new product together with other teams.

Students working with computers develop a higher level of self-educational skills, the ability to navigate a huge flow of information, the ability to analyze, compare, argue, generalize, and draw conclusions. The use of ICT makes it possible to conduct integrated lessons, for example, history and MHC.

When using information technology, a teacher should not forget about safety precautions when working with a computer.

Positive aspects of ICT:

• The educational material is contained in a volume exceeding the capabilities of traditional types of educational literature;
• Possibility of organizing individual work, using technology of level differentiation, using additional motivational levers;
• Contains extensive illustrative material;
• Promotes a more in-depth study of the subject;

• increasing the student’s level of activity, developing the ability to think alternatively, developing the ability to develop a strategy for finding solutions to both educational and practical problems;
• acquiring the ability to understand the patterns of subject areas and the environment in an integrative way, about all interconnections and dependencies;
• the ability to predict the results of the implementation of decisions made based on modeling of the objects, phenomena, processes and relationships between them being studied about all interconnections and dependencies;

Negative aspects of ICT:

• minimizing the limited live communication between teachers and schoolchildren and students in the educational process, offering them communication in the form of a “dialogue with a computer”
• distraction of the student’s attention during the learning process due to colossal amounts of information;
• reduction in the effectiveness of training and education of schoolchildren due to the use of information resources,
• the formation of stereotyped thinking, a formal and lack of initiative attitude to activity, etc.;
• the negative impact of excessive and unjustified use of information technology on the health of all participants in the educational process.

A professional teacher is a person who is ready to independently master various software and resources; able to create their own educational resources and projects, willingly sharing their teaching experience.

Literature

Organization of an instrumental computer environment for organizing lessons in elementary school. - St. Petersburg: Publishing house. “Anatolia”, 2003. Molokov Yu. G. Information technologies in traditional elementary school // Primary education. 2002. - No. 2.

Shapoval I.O. The use of information technology in the work of a primary school teacher