The main stages of informatization of society poster diagram. Basic elements of the development of the information society

“World of Informatics” - Pattern. Analogy. An example of a lesson on the topic "Algorithm (do - once, do - twice)" 3rd grade. "If-then" rule. Reasoning scheme. Gymnastics for hands (World of computer science. Drawing up an algorithm for various performers. Discussion. “What is an algorithm? Set. Completing two tasks in notebooks to build an algorithm using a flowchart.

“Computer Informatics” - algorithms; objects, groups (classes) of objects; logical reasoning; models. Outputting text to a printer. Electronic educational tools: Content lines: Computer science lesson divided into groups in the computer science classroom. “The purpose of the main computer devices for input, output, and processing of information.

“Informatics and ICT” - 10. 19. 9. Workshop. 7-9 grades. Modeling problem book. 9-11 grades Basic level Informatics. Part 1. Contents of the seminar. 22. 21. Part 3. Programming workshop. 10-11 grades. Distribution of points for Unified State Examination tasks by content elements in 2004.

“Structure of computer science” - Structure of a computer science lesson. Lesson -. 0-7 minutes of the lesson - scattered attention 8-23 minutes of the lesson - the period of greatest stability and concentration of attention 24-30 minutes of the lesson - stability of attention decreases, the number of errors increases 31-45 minutes of the lesson - voluntary attention. Distribution of material presented in the lesson:

“Informatics as a science” - Brief history computer science. Concept and structure of computer science. Features of the information society. Negative aspects of the information society. Alexander Bell. Stages of development of the information society. Information society. Johannes Guttenberg. A more modern telegraph appeared in America. A real revolution in the history of information dissemination was the invention of radio.

“What computer science studies” - Universal. Workstations. Do you know how many clouds melt into the blue sky? Fundamentals of computer science. Briefly about the main thing. Information Technology. Professionally oriented. User languages, service shells, user interface systems. Mathematical and information models,algorithms.

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The main stages of the development of society The first stage is the invention of writing The second stage is the invention of printing (mid-16th century) The third stage is the invention of electricity (end of the 19th century) The fourth stage is the invention of microprocessor technology (70s of the 20th century)

Stages of the information revolution. The first information revolution was associated with the invention of writing. The invention of writing made it possible to accumulate and disseminate knowledge. Civilizations that mastered writing developed faster than others. reached a higher cultural and economic level. Examples include Ancient Egypt, the countries of Mesopotamia, and China. Later, the transition to the alphabetic method of writing made writing more accessible and contributed to the shift of the centers of civilization to Europe (Greece, Rome).

The second information revolution (in the middle of the 16th century) was associated with the invention of printing. It has become possible not only to save information, but also to make it widely accessible. All this accelerated the development of science and technology, helped the industrial revolution, Books crossed the borders of countries, which contributed to the beginning of the consciousness of universal civilization. Stages of the information revolution.

The third information revolution (at the end of the 19th century) was caused by the progress of communications. The telegraph, telephone, and radio made it possible to quickly transmit information over any distance. This revolution coincided with a period of rapid development of natural science. Stages of the information revolution.

The fourth information revolution (in the 70s of the 20th century) is associated with the emergence of microprocessor technology and, in particular, personal computers. Soon after, computer telecommunications emerged, radically changing information storage and retrieval systems. Stages of the information revolution.

Main features of the information society. Currently, the world has accumulated a huge information potential, which people cannot fully use due to their limited capabilities. This led to the need to introduce new technologies for processing and transmitting information and marked the beginning of the transition from an industrial society to an information society. This process began in the middle of the 20th century. In the information society, the main resource is information; this is a society in which the majority of workers are engaged in the production, storage, processing and transmission of information. The following criteria for the development of the information society can be listed: availability of computers, level of development computer networks share of the population employed in information sphere, as well as using information technology in their daily activities.

HUMAN ACTIVITY IN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY. In the information society, human activity will largely depend on the ability to effectively use available information. The use of computers in all spheres of human activity should provide access to reliable sources of information and save people from routine work, will speed up the adoption of optimal decisions and automate information processing not only in production, but also in the social sphere. As a result of this process, the driving force behind the development of society will be the production of an informational rather than a material product. This process should lead to the creation of an information society in which knowledge and intelligence will play a major role.

Development and mass use of information and communication technologies: creation of telecommunications infrastructure, including data transmission networks; the emergence of huge databases, accessed through networks by millions of people; developing uniform rules of behavior in networks and searching for information in them.

Changes in people's lifestyles. Information about the change of computer generations. 1st generation (early 50s). Element base electronic tubes. Computers were distinguished by their large dimensions, high energy consumption, low speed, low reliability, and programming in codes. 2nd generation (from the late 50s). Element base: semiconductor elements. Everything has improved compared to the previous generation computers technical specifications. Used for programming algorithmic languages. 3rd generation (early 60s). Element base integrated circuits, multilayer printed circuit assembly. A sharp reduction in the dimensions of computers, increasing their reliability, increasing productivity. Access from remote terminals. 4th generation (from the mid-70s). Element base microprocessors, large integrated circuits. Technical characteristics have been improved. Mass production of personal computers. Directions of development: powerful multiprocessor computing systems with high performance, creation of cheap microcomputers. 5th generation (from the mid-80s). The development of intelligent computers began, but has not yet been successful. Introduction into all areas of computer networks and their integration, use of distributed data processing, widespread use of computer information technologies.

The latest information revolution. The latest information revolution brings to the fore a new branch of the information industry associated with the production of technical means, methods, and technologies for the production of new knowledge. All types of information technologies, especially telecommunications, are becoming the most important components of the information industry. Modern information technology is based on advances in the field of computer technology and communications. Information technology (IT) is a process that uses a set of tools and methods for collecting, processing and transmitting data (primary information) to obtain new quality information about the state of an object, process or phenomenon. Telecommunications: remote data transmission based on computer networks and modern technical means of communication.

Today, the term “information society” has firmly taken its place in the vocabulary of politicians, economists, teachers and scientists. In most cases, this concept is associated with the level of development of information technology and telecommunications. The information society differs from a society dominated by traditional industry and the service sector in that information, knowledge, information services, and all industries related to their production (telecommunications, computer, television) are growing at a faster pace and are a source of new jobs, become dominant in economic development. Information is becoming a subject of mass consumption. The information society provides any individual with access to any source of information. This is guaranteed by law and technical capabilities. New criteria for assessing the level of development of society are emerging - the number of computers, the number of Internet connections, the number mobile phones etc.

In the history of the development of civilization, several information revolutions have occurred - transformations of social relations due to fundamental changes in the field of information processing. The consequence of such transformations was the acquisition of a new quality by human society.

The first revolution was associated with the invention of writing, which led to a gigantic qualitative and quantitative leap. There is an opportunity to transfer knowledge from generation to generation.

The second (mid-16th century) was caused by the invention of printing, which radically changed industrial society, culture, and organization of activities.

The third (late 19th century) was due to the invention of electricity, thanks to which the telegraph, telephone, and radio appeared, making it possible to quickly transmit and accumulate information in any volume.

The fourth (70s of the XX century) is associated with the invention of microprocessor technology and the emergence personal computer. Computers, computer networks, and data transmission systems (information communications) are created using microprocessors and integrated circuits. This period is characterized by three fundamental innovations: the transition from mechanical and electrical means of converting information to electronic ones; miniaturization of all components, devices, instruments, machines; creation of software-controlled devices and processes.

The latest information revolution brings to the fore a new industry - the information industry, associated with the production of technical means, methods, technologies for the production of new knowledge. All types of information technologies, especially telecommunications, are becoming the most important components of the information industry. Modern information technology is based on advances in the field of computer technology and communications.

The activities of individuals, groups, teams and organizations are now increasingly beginning to depend on their awareness and ability to effectively use available information. Before taking any action, it is necessary to carry out a lot of work on collecting and processing information, understanding it and analyzing it. Finding rational solutions in any area requires processing large amounts of information, which is sometimes impossible without the use of special technical means.

The increase in the volume of information became especially noticeable in the middle of the 20th century. An avalanche-like flow of information rushed at a person, not giving him the opportunity to perceive this information fully. It became increasingly difficult to navigate the new stream of information that appeared every day. Sometimes it has become more profitable to create a new material or intellectual product than to search for an analogue made earlier. Modern material production and other areas of activity increasingly require information services and processing of huge amounts of information. A universal technical means of processing any information is a computer, which plays the role of an amplifier of the intellectual capabilities of a person and society as a whole, and communication tools using computers serve to communicate and transmit information. The emergence and development of computers is a necessary component of the process of informatization of society.

Informatization of society is an organized socio-economic and scientific-technical process of creating optimal conditions for meeting information needs and realizing the rights of citizens, government bodies, local governments, organizations, public associations based on the formation and use of information resources. Informatization of society is one of the laws of modern social progress. This term is increasingly replacing the term “computerization of society,” which was widely used until recently. Despite the external similarity of these concepts, they have a significant difference. When computerizing society, the main attention is paid to the development and implementation of the technical base of computers that ensure prompt receipt of the results of information processing and its accumulation. When informatizing society, the main attention is paid to a set of measures aimed at ensuring the full use of reliable, comprehensive and timely knowledge in all types of human activity. Thus, “informatization of society” is a broader concept than “computerization of society” and is aimed at quickly mastering information to meet one’s needs. In the concept of “informatization of society,” the emphasis should be placed not so much on technical means, but on the essence and purpose of socio-technical progress. Computers are a basic technical component of the process of informatization of society.

Introduction

Introduction Information society is a concept of post-industrial society; a new historical phase in the development of civilization, in which the main products of production are information and knowledge. The concept of the information society is a type of theory of post-industrial society, the basis of which was laid by Z. Brzezinski, E. Toffler and other Western futurologists. Thus, the information society is, first of all, a sociological and futurological concept that considers the production and use of scientific, technical and other information to be the main factor in social development. “Post-industrial society,” argues Z. Brzezinski, is becoming a technotronic society – a society that is culturally, psychologically, socially and economically shaped by the influence of technology and electronics, especially developed in the field of computers and communications” [Cit. according to 3]. The technocratic development of our civilization influences the nature of the individual’s perception of reality; it destroys traditional ties in the family and between generations; public life, despite growing trends towards global integration, is increasingly fragmented. It is this paradox, according to Z. Brzezinski, that contributes to the collapse of the old foundations for the community of people and forms a new global vision of the world. Considering social development as a “change of stages,” proponents of the theory of the information society associate its formation with the dominance of the “fourth” information sector of the economy, following agriculture, industry and the service economy. It is argued that capital and labor as the basis of an industrial society give way to information and knowledge in the information society. Revolutionizing action information technology leads to the fact that in the information society classes are replaced by socially undifferentiated “information communities” (Y. Masuda). The authors of the concept of “information (post-industrial) society” never came to a consensus on what is primary – the spiritual or material sphere. For example, K. Jaspers and E. Toffler believed that the moment of the onset of a new “wave” was the changed existence of man and his environment. M. McLuhan paid more attention to the media and considered Gutenberg's printing as his starting point. “Only in conditions of mass dissemination of the printed word do both private entrepreneurship and the democratization of society on the basis of suffrage become possible, since it is with the printed word, and not oral or even written, that the initial element is formed, and the central agent of such a social structure is the atomized, isolated human individuality. However, with the variety of views of various authors on the course of historical development, they all note that: 1. History is divided into three main global stages, which can be conventionally called “agricultural”, “industrial” and “post-industrial”; 2. The distinction between stages is made on the basis of production relations or human interaction with nature (through tools, through machines or equipment, through information); 3. The transition to the next stage is carried out through a scientific and technological revolution, during which the habitat changes, which, in turn, leads to transformations in people’s consciousness; 4. The final historical stage, which, according to some philosophers, has already arrived, and, according to others, will come in the near future, is the “information society”, and for culture the postmodern era is coming. Unfortunately, the authors of the concepts of the “information society” (with the possible exception of E. Toffler) did not devote enough space to consider the question of what consequences its onset will bring for the cultural life of mankind. A.I. Rakitov divided the process of formation of the information society into five stages (information revolutions): The first is the spread of language. The second is the emergence of writing. The third is mass book printing. The fourth - information revolution - consists of the use of electrical communications (telephone, telegraph, radio and television), which immediately develops into the fifth. The fifth stage is characterized by the use of computers, the use of databases, local and global computer networks. At this stage, technological changes accompanying information revolutions are integrated. In this regard, A.I. Rakitov emphasizes that in the near future this will have a gigantic impact on all civilizational and cultural processes on a global scale. J.-F. Lyotard believes that “as society enters the era called post-industrial, and culture enters the postmodern era, the status of knowledge changes - “knowledge is already and will be the most important, and perhaps the most significant stake in the global competition for power.” Distinctive features of the information society are: increasing the role of information and knowledge in the life of society; increasing the share of information communications, products and services in the gross domestic product; creation of a global information space that ensures: effective information interaction of people, their access to global information resources and satisfaction of their needs for information products and services. Criteria for the transition of society to the post-industrial and information stages of its development (according to I.V. Sokolova): socio-economic (criteria for employment of the population); technical; space. The socio-economic criterion assesses the percentage of the population employed in the service sector: if more than 50% of the population in a society is employed in the service sector, the post-industrial phase of its development has begun; If in a society more than 50% of the population is employed in the field of information and intellectual services, the society becomes informational.

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 1. History of the development of the information society in the world…………...... 6 2. Advantages of the information society in different spheres of life……………………………………………………………………………………….. 9 3. Telemedicine……………………… ……………………………………... Conclusion……………………………………………………………………. List of sources used………………………………………………………... 11 13 16