Graphic file formats (presentation). Graphic file formats
Slide 1
Slide description:
Slide 2
Slide description:
Slide 3
Slide description:
Slide 4
Slide description:
Slide 5
Slide description:
Slide 6
Slide description:
Slide 7
Slide description:
Slide 8
Slide description:
PNG format This format, created specifically for use on the Internet to replace GIF, compresses graphic information without loss of quality. Unlike GIF, it compresses raster images not only horizontally, but also vertically, which provides a higher compression ratio. The color depth can be any, up to 48 bits (RGB, for comparison, is 24), and smoothly transitioning transparency is supported. The PNG file records gamma correction information. Gamma is a certain number that characterizes the dependence of the brightness of your monitor screen on the voltage on the electrodes of the kinescope. This number, read from the file, allows you to enter a brightness correction when displaying. It is needed so that a picture created on a Mac looks the same on a PC and on Silicon Graphics. Thus, this feature helps implement the main idea of WWW - the same display of information regardless of the user’s equipment. PNG files can be made by all major graphics editors.
Slide 9
Slide description:
Slide 10
Slide description:
TIFF format TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) - the hardware-independent TIFF format is one of the most common and reliable today; it is supported by almost all programs on PC and Macintosh in one way or another related to graphics. TIFF is best choice when importing raster graphics into vector programs and publishing systems. It has a full range of color models available from monochrome to RGB, CMYK and additional Pantone colors. TIFF can save Photoshop vectors, Alpha channels for creating masks in video clips Adobe Premiere and a lot of other additional data. The biggest problems are usually caused by LZW compression, sometimes used in TIFF"e. A number of programs (for example, QuarkXPress 3.x and Adobe Streamline) cannot read such files; in addition, they may take longer to output to printers and phototypesetting machines. Only if the file is compressed 3-4 times, resulting in a gain in output time.
Slide 11
Slide description:
Slide 12
Slide description:
Slide 13
To use presentation previews, create an account for yourself ( account) Google and log in: https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
Graphic files. Graphic file formats. Creation of graphic files. Converters
Objectives: to gain an understanding of the types of graphic images, formats, programs for creating and editing images; give the basic concepts necessary for working on a computer with graphic files; educate information culture, logical thinking, perseverance, ability to draw conclusions, develop cognitive interests, self-control, ability to take notes.
Objectives: Distinguish between graphic file formats; Determine the need to use a particular graphic format; Be able to save files in various formats
Review questions: What is a file? What is a file extension (format) Where is the file created? (Operating system or application program?) What is the purpose of an operating system? What is the application program used for? What types of application programs do you know? What is the folder for? What is the shortcut for?
Computer graphics Computer graphics is a branch of computer science that studies the means and methods of creating and processing graphic images using computer technology.
Raster graphics A raster (grid, lattice) forms a set of points (pixels), each of which has its own color. The main element of raster graphics is a pixel (dot)
Vector graphics Everything in vector illustrations consists of lines. A line is an elementary vector graphics object.
Three-dimensional graphics Three-dimensional 3 D (D imensions - measurement) image is a three-dimensional model of an object that closely matches reality. Such three-dimensional images can be rotated and viewed from all sides.
Fractal graphics A fractal is a drawing that consists of elements that are similar to each other. The construction of a fractal pattern is carried out according to some algorithm automatically using formulas.
Raster files The image on the media is stored in the form of dots (pixels). Each point has its own color, brightness and coordinates. Storing each pixel requires a certain number of bits of information. The more shades, the more bits are required to store it. The image is high quality, but the file size is large.
Raster file extensions: BMP ( Windows Device Independent Bitmap) Gif (Graphic Interchange Format) TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) IMG (Digital Research GEM Bitmap) JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
Vector files The image on the media is stored in the form of graphic primitives (lines, ovals, broken lines), which are described by mathematical formulas. When it is displayed, the program calculates the coordinates of the points and generates lines.
Vector file extensions: WMF (Windows Metafile) EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) DXF (Drawing Interchange Format)
Vector capabilities graphic editors Drawing free-form lines using a mouse Using graphic primitives Adding text to a drawing Rotating images Enlarging image fragments
Possibilities of raster graphic editors Graphic effects (volume, flow, cropping) Arranging, intersecting, combining objects Different ways working with curves Rich possibilities for working with text
Changing the file format To change the file format, use special programs converters. For example:
Questions for consolidation: What is computer graphics? What types of computer graphics are there? How is an image formed in vector and raster graphics? Advantages and disadvantages of raster graphics? Advantages and disadvantages of vector graphics? In what cases are vector graphics used and in what cases are raster graphics used?
Homework: Write down the main vector and raster graphic editors. Convert one file format to another. Write your conclusions in your notebook. Learn notes
Thank you for your attention!
Slide 1
Slide description:
Slide 2
Slide description:
Slide 3
Slide description:
Slide 4
Slide description:
Slide 5
Slide description:
Slide 6
Slide description:
Slide 7
Slide description:
Slide 8
Slide description:
PNG format This format, created specifically for use on the Internet to replace GIF, compresses graphic information without loss of quality. Unlike GIF, it compresses raster images not only horizontally, but also vertically, which provides a higher compression ratio. The color depth can be any, up to 48 bits (RGB, for comparison, is 24), and smoothly transitioning transparency is supported. The PNG file records gamma correction information. Gamma is a certain number that characterizes the dependence of the brightness of your monitor screen on the voltage on the electrodes of the kinescope. This number, read from the file, allows you to enter a brightness correction when displaying. It is needed so that a picture created on a Mac looks the same on a PC and on Silicon Graphics. Thus, this feature helps implement the main idea of WWW - the same display of information regardless of the user’s equipment. PNG files can be made by all major graphics editors.
Slide 9
Slide description:
Slide 10
Slide description:
TIFF format TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) - the hardware-independent TIFF format is one of the most common and reliable today; it is supported by almost all programs on PC and Macintosh in one way or another related to graphics. TIFF is the best choice when importing raster graphics into vector programs and publishing systems. It has a full range of color models available from monochrome to RGB, CMYK and additional Pantone colors. TIFF can save Photoshop vectors, Alpha channels for creating masks in Adobe Premiere video clips, and a lot of other additional data. The biggest problems are usually caused by LZW compression, sometimes used in TIFF. A number of programs (for example, QuarkXPress 3.x and Adobe Streamline) cannot read such files; in addition, they may take longer to output to printers and phototypesetting machines. Only if the file is compressed 3-4 times, there is a gain in output time.
Slide 11
Slide description:
Slide 12
Slide description:
Slide 13
Slide description:
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
1 slide
Slide description:
2 slide
Slide description:
Graphic file formats. There are 2 types of computer graphics: raster and vector. 2D graphics 3D graphics
3 slide
Slide description:
Graphic file formats. Graphic file format - the method of storing information in the file (raster or vector), as well as the form of storing information (compression algorithm used). Raster formats Raster format files store: image size - the number of video pixels in the picture horizontally and vertically; bit depth - the number of bits used to store the color of one video pixel; data describing the picture (the color of each video pixel in the picture), as well as some additional information.
4 slide
Slide description:
Raster graphics A graphics file format is a way of representing and organizing graphic data on external media. A pixel is... the smallest element of an image on a monitor (video pixel) an individual element of a raster image (pixel) a point in an image printed on a printer (dot) A raster file is a mosaic of very small elements - pixels. A raster pattern is similar to checkered paper, on which each cell is painted with a certain color.
5 slide
Slide description:
6 slide
Slide description:
Raster graphics A graphics file format is a way of representing and arranging graphic data on external media. Raster formats BMP (Windows Device Independent Bitmap) IMG (Digital Research GEM Bitmap) PCX (Z-Soft PaintBrush) TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) GIF (Grafic Interchange Format) JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) PNG (Paint Network Graphics)
7 slide
Slide description:
BMP is a native Windows format. It is supported by all graphic editors running this operating system. Using BMP for purposes other than Windows is a fairly common mistake. TIFF, TIF is a hardware-independent TIFF format, one of the most common and reliable today; it is supported by almost all programs on PC and Macintosh in one way or another related to graphics. The entire range of color models is available to him. TIFF may contain clipping paths, alpha channels (transparency), layers, and other additional data. IN TIFF format It is possible to save using several types of compression: JPEG, ZIP, but, as a rule, only LZW compression is used.
8 slide
Slide description:
GIF - independent of hardware format. Supports a color palette of 256 colors, transparency, animation. GIF uses LZW compression, which makes it possible to compress files with a lot of uniform fills (logos, inscriptions, diagrams) well. JPEG (JPG)− This format well suited for small photorealistic full-color images captured with a digital camera. JPEG is not a format, but a compression algorithm based not on searching for identical elements, but on the difference between pixels. The higher the compression level, the more data is discarded, the lower the quality. JPEG compresses photographic-quality raster images better than logos or diagrams. Format JPG file has a color depth of 24 bits (16.7 million colors). Formats used on the Internet.
Slide 9
Slide description:
PNG - Portable Network Graphic (PNG) - a raster graphic file format similar to the GIF format (transparency, but like JPEG uses a very large palette of colors. The compression algorithm allows you to reduce the file size by tens of times, but leads to irreversible loss of some information. Supported by applications for various operating systems. Formats used on the Internet.
10 slide
Slide description:
The PCX format is a not so popular analogue of BMP, although it is supported by specific graphic editors, such as Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw, GIMP, etc. Currently supplanted by formats that support better compression: GIF, JPEG and PNG. PCX is a hardware-dependent format. Designed to store information in a file in the same form as in the video card.
11 slide
Slide description:
Raster Graphics Advantages Raster graphics effectively present photographic quality images. raster images can be easily printed on a printer Disadvantages: storing raster images requires a large amount of memory raster images allow very limited scaling, rotation and other transformations
12 slide
Slide description:
Resolution and depth of raster files. A pixel, like all data in a computer, carries certain information (in this case about color), expressed in bits. The more bits a pixel is described by, the more information it can carry. RGB – 3 * 8 bits (1 color) = 24 bits – depth CMYK – 4*8 bits = 32 bits Black and white – 1 bit (0 – black, 1 – white) Grayscale – 8 bits This is referred to as “bit depth” ". The bit depth of an image is often referred to as color resolution.
Slide 13
Slide description:
Resolution and depth of raster files. Monitor resolution is the number of pixels on the screen. Monitor resolution is not related to raster image resolution! If the image resolution is higher than the monitor resolution, then the image appears larger than it actually is. The higher the number of dots per inch, the higher the print quality. In printing, printers for printing formats up to A3 have a resolution of 300 dpi. On a computer (presentation, website), a monitor resolution of 96 dpi is sufficient. The size of a bitmap file is uniquely determined by the product of the image area times the resolution and color depth (if they are reduced to a single dimension).
Slide 14
Slide description:
Example of a vector image: Vector graphics A graphics file format is a way of representing and arranging graphic data on external media. Examples of vector commands: Set X, Y Line to X1, Y1 Circle X, Y<радиус>Ellipse X1, Y1, X2, Y2 Rectangle X1, Y1, X2, Y2 Drawing color<цвет>Fill color<цвет>Shade X, Y,<цвет границы>Vector quantities Vector format files contain descriptions of drawings in the form of a set of commands for constructing the simplest geometric objects (lines, circles, rectangles, arcs, etc.)
15 slide
Slide description:
saving drawings in various graphic formats; graphic effects (volume, perspective, curly cropping, etc.); forming fills from a large number of colors; choosing textures. working with objects (creating, deleting, moving, scaling, mirroring) arranging, merging, intersecting objects Various methods of working with Bezier curves Various methods of text design Vector graphics capabilities
Computer Science Presentation - Graphic file formats
In the Presentation:
Raster graphic formats
BMP (Windows Device Independent Bitmap)
PCX (Soft Publisher's Paintbrush)
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
TIFF (Tag Image File Format)
PSD (Adobe Photoshop)
Vector graphic formats
AI (Adobe Illustrator Document)
CDR (Corel DRAW Document)
WMF (Windows Metafile)
PDF (Portable Document Format)
Conclusion
BMP (Windows Device Independent Bitmap)
The simplest raster format, BMP, also known as DIB, is a native Windows format and is supported by all graphics editors running it. BMP supports both indexed colors (up to 256 colors) and full color images. Without compression, the file size is close to the maximum possible. Thanks to the most primitive image recording algorithm, very little system resources are consumed when processing BMP format files, so this format is very often used to store logos, screen savers, icons and other elements of the graphic design of programs.
PCX (Soft Publisher's Paintbrush)
The PCX format, developed at the dawn of the computer era by Z-Soft specifically for its graphic editor PC PaintBrush for the MS-DOS operating system, has approximately the same capabilities as BMP; it only lacks support for the OS/2 operating system. But images in PCX format can be viewed by most DOS programs, including the internal Norton Commander viewer. Color capabilities: 1, 2, 4, 8 or 24-bit color, only RGB color scheme is supported, and there is no ability to save a monochrome image in grayscale. ROB compression is always applied. Like VMR, this format is largely outdated and is supported by modern graphic programs solely for compatibility with antique software.
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
The most popular format on the Internet is the rather old GIF format. Its distinctive feature is the use of the indexed color mode (no more than 256), which limits the scope of the format to images with sharp color transitions. The GIF format is a favorite format of webmasters, who use it to save numerous design elements of their pages. The small size of image files is due to the use of the LZW lossless compression algorithm, making images in this format most convenient for sending over still narrow communication channels global network.
PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
This format, which compresses graphic information without loss of quality using the Deflate algorithm, unlike GIF or TIFF, compresses raster images not only horizontally, but also vertically, which provides a higher compression ratio and supports color photographic images up to and including 48-bit . A distinctive feature of this format is two-dimensional interlaced scanning (i.e., the image appears gradually not only in rows, but also in columns) and built-in gamma correction, which allows you to save images, the brightness of which will be unchanged not only on any PC machines, but also on alternative platforms such as Mac, Sun or Silicon Graphics. Since the format was created for the Internet, there is no space in its header for additional parameters. But it is good for publishing high-quality raster graphics on the Internet.
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
The most popular format for storing photographic JPEG images(or JPG) is a generally accepted standard on the Internet. JPEG can only store 24-bit full color images. The format of the same name, a rather complex compression algorithm, is based on the peculiarities of human vision. Although JPEG compresses photos well, this compression is lossy and spoils the quality. JPEG format does not support animation or transparent color, and is suitable in the vast majority of cases only for publishing full-color images, such as photographic ones, on the Internet.
TIFF (Tag Image File Format)
The TIFF format was developed by Aldus for its PhotoStyler graphics editor. As a universal format for storing raster images, TIFF is widely used, primarily in publishing systems that require the best quality images. With LZW compression, a TIFF file takes up almost the same amount of space as a GIF, only, unlike the latter, TIFF supports full-color images and stores detailed information about the image in its body. This format supports purely professional features such as clipping paths, alpha channels, the ability to save multiple copies of an image at different resolutions, and even include layers in the file.
PSD (Adobe Photoshop)
The PSD format is a standard format in Adobe Photoshop and differs from most conventional raster formats in its ability to store layers. It contains many additional variables and compresses images using the RLE Packbits lossless compression algorithm. The format supports color depths up to 16 bits per channel (48-bit color and 16-bit black and white), as well as alpha channels, layers, outlines, transparency, vector lettering, etc. Perfect for transfer or storage images containing specific elements unique to Adobe Photoshop. PSD files are easily readable by most popular viewers, but do not forget that by opening these files in some third-party graphic editors, even those that declare support for the PSD format, you can lose a significant part of their specific capabilities (especially in terms of working with layers).
A.I. (Adobe Illustrator Document)
The first of them, AI, is supported by almost all programs related to vector graphics in one way or another. This format is the best intermediary for transferring images from one program to another, from PC to Macintosh and vice versa. In general, it is somewhat inferior to CorelDRAW in terms of illustrative capabilities (it can contain only one page in one file, has a small working area - this parameter is very important for outdoor advertising - only 3x3 meters), however, it is distinguished by the greatest stability and compatibility with the PostScript language , which is used by almost all publishing and printing applications.
CDR (Corel DRAW Document)
The CDR format, the main working format of the popular CorelDRAW package, which is the undisputed leader in the class of vector graphics editors on the PC platform, is quite controversial. Having relatively low stability and problems with file compatibility different versions format, however, the CDR format, especially the latest, 7th and 8th versions, can be called professional without a stretch. The files of these versions use separate compression for vector and raster images, fonts can be embedded, CDR files have a huge working area of 45x45 meters, and multi-page is supported.
WMF (Windows Metafile)
Another native Windows format, this time vector. Understood by almost everyone Windows programs, one way or another related to vector graphics. However, despite its apparent simplicity and versatility, the WMF format should only be used in extreme cases, since it cannot save some parameters that can be assigned to objects in various vector editors, it is not perceived by Macintoshes, and, most importantly, it can distort the color scheme of the image.
PDF (Portable Document Format)
PDF was originally designed as a compact electronic documentation format, but has recently been increasingly used for the transmission of graphic images and mixed documents containing both text and graphics over networks. The PDF format is a completely platform-independent format, in the text part of which it is possible to use a variety of fonts and hypertext links, as well as graphic illustrations of any type (vector or raster). To achieve the minimum size of a PDF file, compression is used, and each type of object is compressed using the algorithm that is most beneficial for it. View documents in PDF format and you can print them on a printer using the Acrobat Reader utility, distributed by Adobe for free.
