Presentation on the topic of modern printers. Presentation on computer science on the topic "printers"

Printers are classified as peripheral or external devices.

Peripheral devices are devices located outside system unit and involved at a certain stage of information processing. First of all, these are devices for recording output results: printers, plotters, modems, scanners, etc.

Printers are designed to output information onto solid media, mostly paper. There are a large number of different printer models that differ in operating principle, interface, performance and functionality. Based on the principle of operation, they are divided into: matrix, inkjet and laser printers.

The purpose of the work is to study the types of printers, their operating principles, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.

To achieve the goal set in the work, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

1) Define the concept of “printer”, consider the history of its creation;

2) Consider the classification of printers;

3) Describe the main types of printers;

4) Study the principle of operation of printers;

5) Consider the advantages and disadvantages of the main types of printers.

CHAPTER 1. PRINTERS: CONCEPT, TYPES

1.1. Printer: concept, history of creation

Printer (from the English printer - printer) is a device for converting information stored on storage devices (text, graphics) into a hard copy, usually on paper. This process is called printing, and the resulting document is called a printout.

Charles Babbage thought about the need to print the results of calculations on paper when he was developing his Analytical Engine - a mechanical prototype modern computers. As a result, he also came up with the first printer in human history, called the Difference Engine.

Unfortunately, this device was never created during the author’s lifetime. True, 150 years after the death of the author, this printer was nevertheless collected by the London Science Museum, under the leadership of its director Doron Suod (Fig. 1). The resulting device consisted of 8,000 parts and weighed about 5 tons. It should be noted that when developing this Difference Engine, Babbage came up with many ideas that are still used today.

Rice. 1. Charles Babbage's Difference Engine

When computers appeared, at first information was either recorded manually or printed on a typewriter (special personnel were even hired for this). The first printing device that could be connected to a computer was created in 1953 by Remington-Rand. The device, whose operating principle is very similar to a typewriter, is called UNIPRINTER. The main part of the printer was a disk with many “petals”, each of which represented a letter (a raised image of letters, numbers and special characters). A special impact mechanism hit the petal, which, through the printing ribbon, hit the paper. It was then that the idea of ​​color printing was born - printing tape of various colors was used for it. UNIPRINTER printing speed was about 80,000 characters per minute! Later, printers of this type were called “petal printers”. There have also been attempts to replace the petals with special drums and ribbons. This technology also came to the USSR, where such machines were called alphanumeric printing devices - ATsPU. These printers had a number of significant disadvantages - they were unreliable, very noisy, did not allow printing graphics, and always printed in the same font.

Dot matrix printing technology was developed in 1964 by Seyko Epson. But the first dot matrix printer appeared in 1970. It was developed by Centronics Data Computer. For printing, it used a matrix of 7 needles (hence the name of the printer type). The printer was called Model 101. Thanks to dot matrix printers, it became possible to print graphics as well. The technology was rapidly developing and becoming cheaper. So, already in 1983, the first printer appeared on sale, which could easily be purchased by a home user - its cost was about $700 (for example, the Model 101 cost about $3,000). This printer was the Image Writer, the brainchild of C.ltoh Electronics. The arrival of dot matrix printers into the home gave an additional impetus to the development of technology. But dot matrix printers also have a number of disadvantages, the main ones being low print quality and noise. However, thanks to their exceptionally low cost and very high reliability, dot matrix printers have survived to this day.

The disadvantages of dot matrix printers forced researchers to look for new printing methods. The first inkjet printers appeared not much later than dot matrix printers - in 1976, IBM introduced the first working model, called the Model 6640. However, many more years passed before inkjet printers appeared on the desks of home users. Main role in development inkjet printers Canon, Epson and Hewlett-Packard played a role, developing their own printing technologies (BubbleJet, piezoelectric method and drop-on-demand, respectively).

The first color inkjet printer was developed by Hewlett-Packard, which introduced in the early 90s a printer capable of mixing inks with each other, thereby obtaining different colors and shades.

As for laser printers, then it should be noted that the technology used in laser printing (electrography) appeared long before the appearance of the first matrix printers - back in 1938. It was developed by the American scientist Chester Carlson. Since then, it has been repeatedly improved and refined. However, only Xerox, which decided to use copier technology to create a printer, thought of using it to create a printer. As a result, in 1971, the EARS apparatus appeared, which never left the walls of the laboratory. The first commercial model of a laser printer appeared in 1977. It was called Xerox 9700 Electronic. IBM, Apple and Hewlett-Packard are involved in the development of laser printers. However for a long time, these devices were too expensive - their price was about several thousand dollars. The first printer costing less than $1,000 was created by Hewlett-Packard, which created the LaserJet IIP model in the early 90s. A modern laser printer used at home is a relatively inexpensive (still an order of magnitude more expensive than an inkjet printer) device, with a very low printing cost.

There are several other types of printing - sublimation, thermal... But they are either not used at home at all, or are used extremely rarely.

Today, three technologies (matrix, inkjet and laser) are the most used and widespread. Constantly improving and developing, in essence they have remained unchanged since their creation. But who knows, maybe in the very near future, a technology will appear that will make a real revolution in the world of printers.

1.2. Printer classification

It is proposed to classify printers according to five main positions: the principle of operation of the printing mechanism, the maximum format of a sheet of paper, the use of color printing, the presence or absence of hardware support for the PostScript language, as well as the recommended monthly load, which, as a rule, correlates with the printing speed.

Based on the printing principle, there are different types of dot matrix, inkjet and laser (page) printers.

There are a number of other printing technologies, such as sublimation printing and thermal transfer printing, which are used much less frequently.

Laser and LED technologies (in the latter case, instead of a laser and a mirror deflecting the laser beam, a line of LEDs is used) are in many cases indistinguishable from the point of view of the end user. The parameter that determines the print quality of laser printers is resolution.

The most common models are A3 and Legal formats (i.e., designed for a sheet of paper slightly larger than A4). Models that work with A3 paper are slightly more expensive. The ratio of sales between “narrow” and “wide” printers is gradually changing towards the former. Most A3 printer models use matrix or inkjet printing.

Based on the range of reproduced colors, printers are divided into black and white, black and white with a color printing option (such models are available among matrix and inkjet printers) and color.

For color printers within the same type (inkjet), print quality varies very significantly from model to model. As a result, they are positioned differently on the market.

Printers with a color option tend to have trouble reproducing pages that have color graphics next to a black background. The latter is obtained by mixing ink of several primary colors. As a result, the black color is not saturated enough, and the cost of printing such a page is very high.

For high-quality reproduction of illustrations stored in vector formats, it is important to have a built-in PostScript language interpreter.

Formally, models that support the PostScript language are approximately 25% more expensive than similar models that do not include this option. However, to actually take advantage of the PostScript language, you have to purchase additional memory and the price difference can be quite significant.

Based on printing speed, four groups can be distinguished:

Dot matrix printers without autofeed;

Printers that provide print speeds up to 4 ppm. and intended for individual use;

Printers with print speeds up to 12 ppm, serving workgroups;

Powerful network printers with a productivity of more than 12 ppm.

Printer performance is a significant factor for organizations where several people use one printer at once, and an indicator that has virtually no effect on consumer preferences when it comes to the individual use of a printing device.

The speed when printing in color is usually significantly lower than when printing with just black.

CHAPTER 2. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAIN TYPES OF PRINTERS

2.1. Matrix (needle) printer

The Dot-Matrix-Printer has long been the standard output device for PCs. At a time when inkjet printers still performed unsatisfactorily, and the price of laser printers was quite high, needle printers were widely used with computers. They are still often used today. The advantages of these printers are determined, first of all, by their printing speed and their versatility, which consists in the ability to work with any paper, as well as the low cost of printing.

There are 4 types of dot matrix printer: 9-, 18- and 24-pin printers and line printer.

When choosing a printer, you must always proceed from the tasks that will be assigned to it. If you need a printer that needs to print various forms all day without interruption, or printing speed is more important than quality, then there is currently no alternative to a pin printer.

In general, a pin printer is a significantly more versatile printer when working with paper than a laser or inkjet printer, for which, as a rule, there is no possibility of using paper on a roll.

The “print speed” parameter must be treated with caution. Manufacturers always indicate the theoretical printing speed, i.e. the maximum possible speed of the Draft mode, while print quality does not matter. LQ printing for needle printers takes, of course, longer. You have to wait even longer for graphics to be printed, because the character set is not readable from internal memory(ROM) of the printer, and each printed dot must be calculated.

Pin printers are equipped with an internal memory (buffer) that receives data from the PC. The memory capacity of inexpensive needle printers ranges from 4 to 64 KB. Although there are models that have a larger memory capacity (for example, the Seikosha SP-2415 has a 175 KB buffer).

A dot matrix printer is a mechanical device, and the operation of mechanical components is always accompanied by noise.

2.2. Inkjet printer

The history of the development of inkjet printing goes back several decades. The general idea, in general, remained the same all the time - applying paint to paper or other material, using the advantages of liquid dye: ease of application and the ability to form small volumes. The variety of proposed methods was truly inexhaustible. As a result, four independent directions in the development of inkjet printing were formed, each of which had both undoubted advantages and inevitable disadvantages.

The earliest technology that made inkjet printing accessible and relatively cheap was dry ink jet technology. Under the influence of high temperature, particles of solid dye (most often graphite acted as this) were melted and applied to paper under pressure. This method is still used in calculators and some types of printers. Nowadays, however, an interesting development of this method has emerged, called “sublimation printing”.

Another type of inkjet printing - "spark" technology - is generally similar to the previous one, but uses liquid ink.

Two other types of inkjet printing essentially make up its modern face. These are piezoelectric and “bubble” technologies.

The first of them, as the name suggests, uses the phenomenon of piezoelectricity to apply ink to paper (film). This allows very precise positioning of the dye particles, but requires a complex and expensive printing device (cartridge).

“Bubble” technology applies dye by pushing ink particles out of the container using a gas bubble formed inside the cartridge as a result of a sharp local increase in temperature and pressure.

It was the emergence and industrial implementation of “bubble” inkjet printing technology that caused a surge in demand for inkjet printers, initially single-color, and later almost always polychrome. The final choice, however, was made in favor of “bubble ink jet printing”. Hewlett Packard, Canon, Mannesman Tally and a number of other manufacturers use the same technology in their products.

The choice in favor of this particular technology is quite understandable even from the everyday point of view of a “non-advanced” user. Bubble ink jet technology allows the device’s printing unit to be implemented in the form of a cheap removable cartridge; it is quite tolerant of the quality of the ink used (although, of course, it is always preferable to use branded ink or ink recommended by the cartridge manufacturer). And most importantly, the “bubble” technology has what in the hardware world is called “scalability”. In other words, increasing the true print resolution, say, by half, for bubble ink jet technology is a technological problem, but not a fundamental one.

The quality of inkjet printing depends mainly on three main factors: the quality of the printing unit (resolution), the quality of the ink (transmission of halftones and colors), the type of media used (directly related to the previous factor - how well these inks are combined with a given type of paper or film ).

Undoubtedly, the first of these factors has the greatest impact on the overall print quality. However, it also causes the greatest technological difficulties during implementation and has a decisive impact on the final cost of the product - not to a lesser extent, unfortunately. At the same time, successful selection of ink, high-resolution emulation and cartridge design that minimizes the effect of ink “bleeding” on paper allows you to achieve results that differ very little from those obtained when using a more expensive printer with a high true resolution.

Currently, inkjet printing devices have taken first place in terms of sales worldwide. The printers are virtually silent and easily print color. Prints produced using inkjet printers are laser-quality, high-resolution. By 1993, there was a massive shift from dot matrix printers to inkjet printers in Europe, called the “inkjet revolution.” According to independent experts for 1991-1993. the share of dot matrix printers fell from 60% to 30%, and the share of inkjet printers increased from 20% to 45%. Due to their relatively high price, laser printers occupy approximately 20-25% of the market and are used for high-quality, high-speed printing.

2.3. Laser printer

Despite strong competition from inkjet printers, laser printers today allow one to achieve higher print quality.

Unfortunately, color laser printers are not available to everyone. However, the good news is that the quality of the image obtained with their help is approaching photographic, and prices tend to decrease. You can already buy a color laser printer for less than 5,000 USD.

Thus, to obtain high-quality black and white printouts, you should prefer a laser printer over an inkjet printer. If you want a color image, then in most cases you can be satisfied with a color inkjet printer.

The noise level when a laser printer “buzzes” is on average 40 dB. In off-line mode this value is even less.

Most laser printer manufacturers use the same printing mechanism as copiers.

An alternative to a laser is the so-called LED printer, or LED printer (Light Emitting Diode). Instead of laser beams controlled by mirror mechanics, the drum is illuminated by a fixed diode row consisting of 2500 LEDs, which describes not each point, but the entire row. The OKI laser printer operates on this principle.

Technologically, the process of color printing on a laser printer is very complex, which is why the prices for such printers are still very high.

The print speed of a laser printer is determined by two factors. The first of them is the time of mechanical drawing of paper, the other is the speed of processing data coming from the PC and generating a raster page for printing.

Typically, a laser printer is equipped with its own processor. Typically, black and white printers use a Motorola 680000 microprocessor. High-performance printers, such as HP, use Intel processor 80960, having clock frequency 33 MHz and reduced instruction set (RISC architecture).

Since a laser printer is a page printer (i.e. it forms for printing full page, rather than individual lines like pin or inkjet) printing speed is measured in pages per minute. The average laser printer prints 4, at best 6 or 8 pages per minute. High-performance printers that are typically used in computer networks, can print up to 20 or more pages per minute.

The horizontal and vertical resolution of a laser printer is determined by various factors: 1) the vertical resolution corresponds to the pitch of the drum and for most printers is 1/600 inch (for cheaper ones 1/300 inch); 2) horizontal resolution is determined by the number of points in one “line” and is limited by the accuracy of laser beam pointing.

A laser printer processes entire pages, which naturally involves a lot of calculations. Printing speed is determined not only by the operation of the processor, but also significantly depends on the memory with which the printer is equipped. The laser printer memory size of 1 MB is the lower limit; memory capacity from 2 to 4 MB is more noticeable. Color laser printers have even more memory.

As a rule, most laser printers can print on A4 paper or smaller, although recently printers have appeared that can print on A3 paper. In addition, if previously printing on a roll was considered the prerogative of only pin printers, now models of laser printers have appeared on the market that can also use paper on a roll, for example the Pentax Laserfold 300E.

Some laser printers, for example the Xerox 4320/MRP, can print on both sides of a sheet, and many expensive models provide the ability to retrofit them for double-sided printing.

CHAPTER 3. OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF PRINTERS

3.1. Operating principle of dot matrix printers

Printing occurs using a matrix built into the printing unit, consisting of several needles. The paper is pulled into the printer using a shaft. There is an ink ribbon between the paper and the printing unit. When the needle hits the tape, dots appear on the paper. The needles located in the printing unit are controlled by an electromagnet. The printing unit itself moves horizontally and is controlled by a stepper motor. As the printing unit moves along the line, character imprints consisting of dots appear on the paper. The printer memory stores codes for individual letters, characters, etc. These codes determine which pins should be activated at what point to print a particular character.

The matrix can have 9, 18 or 24 needles. The print quality of 9-pin printers is low. To improve quality, it is possible to print by passing the node 2 or 4 times along the line. For modern dot matrix printers, the standard is a 24-pin matrix. The needles are arranged in two rows of 12 each. The print quality is much higher. Dot matrix printers allow you to print multiple copies of a document at once. To do this, the sheets are transferred using tracing paper. Dot matrix printers are not demanding and can print on the surface of any paper - cardboard, roll paper, etc.

3.2. Operating principle of inkjet printers

There are two methods of ink atomization: piezoelectric method and gas bubble method. In the first, a flat piezoelectric element connected to a diaphragm is installed in the atomizer of the piezoelectric unit. As it prints, it compresses and unclenches the diaphragm, causing ink to spray through the atomizer. When a stream of aerosol hits the media, a dot is printed (used in printer models from Epson and Brother). With the gas bubble method, each atomizer is equipped with a heating element. When a microsecond current pulse passes through the element, the ink is heated to a boiling point, and bubbles are formed, squeezing the ink out of the atomizer, which forms prints on the media (used in printer models from Hewlett Packard, Canon).

Color printing is done by mixing different colors in certain proportions. Mostly, inkjet printers use the CMYK (Cyan-Magenta-Yellow) color model. Mixing colors cannot give a pure black color and therefore the color black is included in the composite model. For color printing, the cartridge has 3 or 4 ink reservoirs. The printing unit passes over one area of ​​the sheet several times, applying the required amount of ink of different colors. After mixing the ink, an area of ​​the desired color appears on the sheet.

3.3. Operating principle of laser printers

Most laser printers use a printing mechanism similar to a photocopier. The main unit is a movable drum, which applies images to paper. The drum is a metal cylinder coated with a layer of semiconductor. The surface of the drum is statically charged by the discharge. A laser beam directed at the drum changes the electrostatic charge at the point of impact and creates an electrostatic copy of the image on the surface of the drum. After this, a layer of coloring powder (toner) is applied to the drum. Toner particles are attracted only to electrically charged points. The sheet is pulled from the tray and transferred to it electric charge. When placed on the drum, the sheet attracts toner particles from the drum. To fix the toner, the sheet is charged again and passed between rollers heated to 180 degrees. Once completed, the drum is discharged, cleared of toner, and used again.

In color printing, the image is formed by mixing toners of different colors in 4 passes of the sheet through the mechanism. Each pass applies a certain amount of toner of the same color to the paper. Color laser printer is complex electronic device with 4 toner tanks, RAM, processor and hard drive, which accordingly increases its size and price.

CHAPTER 4. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE MAIN TYPES OF PRINTERS

4.1. Advantages and disadvantages of dot matrix printers

Dot matrix printers are gradually falling out of use because they are very slow and noisy and produce poor quality copies. However, the cost of printing one copy on a dot matrix printer is low, and dot matrix printers allow you to make up to three copies simultaneously.

Therefore, at present, dot matrix printers are most often used in conditions unfavorable for other printers, for example, in production, in those workplaces where it is necessary to constantly print a large number of text information. Prices for dot matrix printers are quite stable - they are not currently decreasing and, according to experts, are unlikely to decrease in the future.

4.2. Advantages and disadvantages of inkjet printers

The main advantages of inkjet printers are:

Quite low cost;

Possibility of printing color images and high-quality photo printing;

High printing speed;

Relatively quiet operation;

Low power consumption.

Also, some models of inkjet printers allow you to print not only on paper, but also on films, CDs, and fabrics.

The disadvantages of inkjet printers include:

High cost of consumables (cartridges and special paper);

Vulnerability of copies printed on non-branded paper to light and water;

The high cost of one copy is about 25-30 kopecks, excluding the cost of paper.

4.3. Advantages and disadvantages of laser printers

The main advantages of laser printers:

High speed;

Large volumes of printing;

Low noise level during operation;

Resistance of printed copies to the influence of water and light;

Low cost per copy - about five kopecks per sheet.

The disadvantages of laser printers are:

High price;

Minor radiation.

CONCLUSION

The need for printers these days is so huge that even the smallest office space has one available. Offices, reception areas, offices and departments, as well as living rooms are filled with these very useful and necessary devices for office work and study.

Now everyone can choose the most suitable printer, taking into account the huge variety of products that the market provides. The most popular is probably an inkjet printer due to its versatility and low cost. With such a printer you can print both texts and a variety of drawings, graphics, and even photographs.

In second place in terms of popularity and prevalence is the laser printer. Most offices use monochrome laser printers, which have high printing speed and excellent quality, while being quite affordable. Regarding color laser printers, we can say that they are quite expensive, and not everyone can afford to have such a device.

Matrix printers are distinguished from other models by both their lowest price and lowest printing speed. Also, dot matrix printers are monochrome, which is not in their favor. However, these printers are the very first, they were invented in 1964 and are quite worthy of respect.

Sublimation printers are a very specific group of printers, so they are not as common as others. The use of these printers largely extends to printing photographs and images, therefore, they have a fairly high cost.

You can also name the most popular companies that produce printers of various models: Epson, Xerox, Canon, Hewlett Packard and others. Printer cartridges, as a mandatory accompanying element, are also produced by the above-mentioned companies.

The printer uses so-called dot printing to print an image on paper. Accordingly, the more dots, the higher the image quality. A parameter such as “dots per inch” (DPI) or “line per inch” (LPI) is the main one for the print quality of the printer, that is, it shows the maximum number of dots per 1 inch that the printer can print.

Toner consumption when printing text reaches, on average, about 5% of the page. When printing graphic images this coefficient is higher - approximately 15%. The resource of monochrome cartridges for inkjet printers is 300-800 pages, the resource of color cartridges is significantly lower.

HP laser printer cartridges have an increased print resource, monochrome - up to 4500 pages, color - up to 2500 pages, while these cartridges are the most expensive.

Today, to increase printing speed, many manufacturers equip printers with built-in memory. Quite universal models today are multifunctional devices, which combine a scanner, printer and copier at the same time. Such devices are not cheap, however, purchasing all these devices separately will cost much more.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST

1. Computer science. Basic course / Ed. S.V.Simonovich. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2008. – 369 p.

2. Kovtanyuk Yu.S., Solovyan S.V. Self-instruction manual for working on personal computer. - K.: Junior, 2006.- 560 p.

3. Miklyaev A.P. IBM PC User's Handbook. - M.: Solon-R, 2008. - 720 p.

4. Simonovich S.V., Evseev G.A., Murakhovsky V.I. You bought a computer: Complete Guide for beginners in questions and answers. - M.: AST-PRESS KNIGA, 2007.- 544 p.

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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You will learn: Types of printers What is a printer Information for the curious Select the section that interests you. To return to the beginning, click Finish Printer Comparison

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A printer is a device for printing digital information onto solid media. The printing process is called printing, and the resulting document is a printout or hard copy. Printers are inkjet, laser, matrix and sublimation, and in terms of printing color - multicolor and monochrome. Sometimes LED printers are classified as a separate type from laser printers.

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Types of printers: Matrix Inkjet Laser Select the section that interests you

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Dot Matrix Printer In a dot matrix printer, an image is formed on a medium by a print head, which consists of a set of pins driven by electromagnets. The head moves across the sheet of paper, while the needles strike the paper through the ink ribbon packaged in the cartridge, thereby forming a dot image. Printers are available with 9, 18, 24 and 36 pins in the head. Printing resolution, as well as the speed of printing graphic images, directly depend on the number of needles. The most widespread are 9- and 24-pin printers. For printing on a dot matrix printer, roll paper is mainly used. Cut sheet paper requires manual threading.

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Advantages Dot matrix printers are used to prevent forgery of documents in the financial sector, banks (since the print head needles leave not only printed characters, but also their mechanical imprints); for carbon copy printing, as well as for printing low-quality documents (printing labels, shortcuts). Dot-matrix printer The advantages of dot-matrix printing are the high lifespan of the printer (8 million lines).

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Disadvantages - monochrome; -low printing speed in graphic mode; Dot matrix printer has a high noise level, reaching 25 dB. To watch the video, click on the button

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Inkjet printer The print head can be built into the dye cartridges, or it can be a part of the printer, and the replacement cartridges contain only the dye. Operating principle: the print head passes over the paper, and ink, in precisely calculated portions, is ejected from the thinnest, strictly defined shape and size of the holes.

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Types of print heads according to the type of dye supply: 1. Continuous supply - the supply of dye during printing occurs continuously, the fact that the dye hits the printed surface is determined by the dye flow modulator. Inkjet printer 2. Feed on demand - the supply of dye from the print head nozzle occurs only when the dye actually needs to be applied to the area of ​​​​the printed surface corresponding to the nozzle. This method of supplying dye is the most widely used in modern inkjet printers. To watch the video, click on the button

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A laser printer is similar to a copier. The computer forms an image of a page of text in its memory and transmits it to the printer. Information about the page is projected using a laser beam onto a rotating drum with a photosensitive coating (fotoval), which changes electrical properties depending on the light. Laser printer

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Laser printer The printer uses a special hot roller to pull the paper under the drum. The toner is transferred to the paper and “fused” into it, leaving a durable, high-quality image. After illumination, a toner coloring powder is applied to the drum, which is under electrical voltage, the particles of which adhere to the illuminated areas of the drum surface. Color and black and white laser printers work the same way. The difference is that color printing uses four types of ink toner to impart color to the image.

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Laser printer Advantages of laser printers over inkjet printers: 1. They have higher speed, since the laser beam can move much faster than the print head with nozzles from which ink droplets are sprayed. 2. Laser beams are even more accurate and allow for high resolution (for black and white printing from 600 x 600 to 1200 x 1200 dpi, for color printing 9600 x 1200). 3. Laser printers are more economical than inkjet printers. Toner cartridges last more than one thousand pages, but ink cartridges run out faster and have to be refilled or replaced more often. 4. Laser printers are not very sensitive to paper and can print on film. 5. Color laser printers provide high printing speeds, produce high-quality color and black-and-white prints at a fairly low cost per page.

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Laser printer Disadvantages of laser printers Carbon monoxide is part of the chemical compounds of the toner and is released during the image curing stage. At high concentrations in indoor air it can cause headache, weakness, drowsiness and increased heart rate. When printing, some color printer models include a hidden image on the print indicating the date and time of printing, as well as serial number device, which was done to prevent the printing of color copies of banknotes and other documents and securities. To watch the video, click on the button

“Devices for a computer” - Mouse. Table of contents. Monitor. Hardware. Monitor is an information output device. Internal. A modem is a device for connecting computers. 1) External 2) Internal. Next. 2) Tablet. Jet.

"Input devices" - ( Peripherals). Webcam. Consists of a pen and a flat tablet that is sensitive to pressure or proximity of the pen. Microphone. Security questions: Externally it looks like a pencil connected by a wire to a computer. For middle-class mice, the resolution is 400 – 800 dpi. Input device. The operation of any hardware requires software control.

"Printers" - Laser. They have the properties to dry out and wear out. Thermoblock, stove, fuser - a unit in which toner is baked into paper. Network. Rubber roller, press roller - presses the paper against the heating roller. Laser printer components. Over time, they lose their properties and must be regularly replaced by a specialist. Developer, carrier, developer - the smallest metal particles that transfer toner to the photo roll.

“Digital camera” - Super-compact, miniature. Digital cameras. Digital camera. Basically, behind the guise of unchanged optics, loom the characteristics of mirrorless cameras. Reinvented in other devices. Characterized by small size and size. Cameras with built-in optics: Compact (“Compact mill” of traditional sizes).

“Monitors and their types” - Monitor. LCD - thin plates containing complex matrices so-called. liquid crystals. The most famous monitor manufacturers are Apple. ... History of Monitors. LG. Operating principle of LCD. Monitors are included and any composition computer system. 191(1). The inner surface of the screen is covered with phosphor. Types of monitors.

“Devices on the computer” - This method is called “mouse gestures”. The operation of touchpads is based on measuring the capacitance of the finger or measuring the capacitance between the sensors. The trackball can be thought of as a two-dimensional scroll wheel. Joystick. Induction mice. A trackball is a ball that rotates in any direction. Trackballs.

There are a total of 27 presentations in the topic

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A printer is a device that outputs encoded information from a computer in the form of printed copies of text or graphics. There are matrix, laser and inkjet printers for universal and special purposes.

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Dot Matrix A dot matrix printer is a printer that uses a combination of small pins to print on an ink ribbon, leaving a character imprint on the paper. Each character printed on the printer is formed from a set of 9, 18 or 24 needles formed in a vertical column. Read more>>

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Inkjet An inkjet printer is a printer that generates characters in the form of a sequence of ink dots. The print head of an inkjet printer has micronozzles through which heated, quick-drying ink is sprayed onto the page. There are one-color, three-color and four-color inkjet printers. Read more>>

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Laser >> Laser printer is a printer that displays on paper an image of a page previously generated in the computer’s memory. Physically, a laser printer “melts” particles of ink powder (toner) into the paper. More details

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Which printer should you choose? Before purchasing a printer, you should immediately decide what type of printing you need. Inkjet printers are primarily used for light volume household color printing - they are best suited for printing. color photographs or illustrated documents. However, for large volumes of printing with significant ink consumption, they become unprofitable to use. Therefore, if you only need black and white printing in large volumes - from 150-200 sheets per month, you should opt for a laser printer. In the vast majority of other cases, an inkjet printer will work for you. If you have a writer and a photographer living under the same roof at home, it’s worth purchasing both devices - fortunately, their cost is currently not that high.

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Dot Matrix Printer Dot matrix printers are gradually falling out of use because they are very slow and noisy and produce poor quality copies. However, the cost of printing one copy on a dot matrix printer is low, and dot matrix printers allow you to make up to three copies simultaneously. Therefore, at present, dot matrix printers are most often used in conditions unfavorable for other printers, for example, in production, in those workplaces where it is necessary to constantly print out a large amount of text information. Prices for dot matrix printers are quite stable - they are not currently decreasing and, according to experts, are unlikely to decrease in the future.

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Inkjet Printer Inkjet printers are primarily used for light-volume household color printing - they are best suited for printing color photographs or illustrated documents. However, for large volumes of printing with significant ink consumption, they become unprofitable to use. Inkjet printers can print images of very high quality on special paper. Such printers for professional work with color images are called photo printers. Some can print images directly from a digital camera, and some models have a color LCD screen that allows you to preview the image before printing.

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Advantages and disadvantages of inkjet printers The main advantages are: fairly low cost; the ability to print color images and high-quality photo printing; high printing speed; relatively quiet operation; low power consumption. Also, some models of inkjet printers allow you to print not only on paper, but also on films, CDs, and fabrics. The disadvantages include: high cost of consumables (cartridges and special paper); vulnerability of copies printed on non-branded paper to light and water; the high cost of one copy is about 25-30 kopecks, excluding the cost of paper.

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Laser printer Entry-level laser printers allow you to produce only black and white copies, but of high quality and very quickly. Recently, laser printers have become increasingly popular, due to very good reasons: Prices for laser printers have dropped sharply. Color laser printing has become cheaper and of higher quality - with significant quantities of prints, laser printers quickly justify the money spent on their purchase. Extremely high quality prints, especially text and business graphics, printed using laser printers. Laser printers, compared to their counterparts of other types, are easier to maintain, more reliable and economical. For example, one refill of a laser printer cartridge allows you to print from 2.5 to 10 thousand copies, and the average monthly resource of its drum, depending on the model, ranges from 10 to 60 thousand prints. Laser printers print quickly and quietly, which is very important for office work.

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Advantages and disadvantages of laser printers Main advantages: high speed; large volumes of printing; low level noise during operation; resistance of printed copies to the influence of water and light; low cost per copy - about five kopecks per sheet. Laser printers have achieved such significant advantages due to their qualitatively excellent operating principle. Disadvantages are: high price, low radiation.

• The operating principle of the printing mechanism.
• Maximum paper sheet size.
• Use of color printing.
• Print speeds.

• Matrix
• Jet
• Laser (page)
• Thermal

• printing speed and their versatility;
• ability to work with any paper;
• low printing cost;
• equipped with internal memory; (buffer), which receives data from the PC (from 4 to 64 KB);
• Possibility of using paper on a roll.

• Graphics take a long time to print (because the character set is not read from the printer’s internal memory (ROM), and each printed dot must be calculated).
• Always accompanied by noise (since a dot matrix printer is a mechanical device.

• “Dry ink” technology. Operating principle: under the influence of high temperature, particles of solid dye (most often graphite acted as this) were melted and applied to paper under pressure.
• “Spark” technology: generally similar to the previous one, but uses liquid ink.
• Piezoelectric technology: uses the phenomenon of piezoelectricity to apply ink to paper (film), which allows for very precise positioning of the ink particles, but requires a complex and expensive printing device (cartridge).
• “Bubble” technology: applies dye by pushing ink particles out of the container using a gas bubble formed inside the cartridge as a result of a sharp local increase in temperature and pressure.

• printers are almost silent;
• easily carry out color printing;
• Prints obtained using inkjet printers have high resolution laser quality.

Most laser printer manufacturers use the same printing mechanism as copiers.

There are a number of other printing technologies, such as sublimation printing and thermal transfer printing, which are used much less frequently. Laser and LED technologies (in the latter case, instead of a laser and a mirror deflecting the laser beam, a line of LEDs is used) are in many cases indistinguishable from the point of view of the end user.

• High noise level;
• Expensive.

• inkjet transfer of molten dye (thermoplastic printing);
• contact transfer of molten dye (thermal wax printing);
• thermal dye transfer (sublimation printing).