Macintosh update. Install macOS Mojave on unsupported Macs

In addition, there are some other technical limitations:
You must have OS X 10.6.8 or later installed (this information can be found in “About this MAC”, see the print screens above).
Must be at least 2 GB on Mac RAM(this information can be found in “About this MAC”, see the print screens above).
8 GB of free space on hard drive/SSD.

2 Make a system backup.

It is not known whether you will like the new OS X or not, everything will go smoothly during its installation, as is usually the case, or there will be failures, protect yourself and do system backup . If the new OS X Yosemite doesn't suit you, you can easily recover from backup copy and work in a previous version of OS X.

3 Update all installed applications.

However, you first need to ugprade to 10.6.6 or 10.6.8 from Apple via the support website. Once you do this and you have installed Mac App Store, go there to update. And indeed, you can no longer upgrade to Lion since it has been removed from Mac App Store as of July 2012 You must upgrade directly in Mountain Lion. If you already have Lion installed and you need to install it again, though, hold down Option and click on the tab, purchased in the Apple Mac Store to see the download link again.

Upgrade from 10.7 “Lion” (or 10.6.8 “Snow Leopard”) to 10.8 “Mountain Lion”

Mountain Lion system requirements:

• 2 GB RAM
• 8 GB hard drive space
• OS X 10.6.8 or later

Early Mac models supported: Mid 2007 iMac, late 2008 or early 2009 MacBook, mid 2007 MacBook Pro, late 2008 MacBook Air, early 2009 Mac Mini, or early 2008 Mac Pro

If you have a system that meets the above requirements, you will be able to upgrade your Mac from Lion to Mountain Lion (or even later Snow Leopard to Mountain Lion) via the Mac App Store. It will cost $19.99 US with varying prices in other regions.

Upgrade from 10.8 Mountain Lion to 10.9 Mavericks

The system requirements of Mavericks are almost the same as Mountain Lion. It will be released towards the end of 2013, but no release date has been announced yet. Just like the upgrade to Mountain Lion, the upgrade to Mavericks will be done through the Mac App Store and will cost $19.99 US, with varying prices in other regions.

Mavericks is only available as a developer preview at the moment, but that's it what he looks like.

It turned out to be true, and in yesterday's conference call Tim Cook announced that the new system will be available for download on July 25, that is, today. While the United States sleeps, you and I will prepare our Macs for the transition to the new system. I hope everyone will update to 10.8?

Like last year's Lion, Mountain Lion is extremely easy to install and does not require any user skills. Apart from following the instructions on the computer screen, you will not be asked to do anything more. The first thing you need to know before upgrading to Mountain Lion is the system's compatibility with your computer. As Apple itself says, the new version of the system will work on the following computers:

MacBook (Aluminum Late 2008 or Early 2009 or later)
MacBook Pro (Mid/Late 2007 or later)
MacBook Air (Late 2008 or later)
iMac (Mid 2007 or later)
Mac mini (Early 2009 or later)
Mac Pro (Early 2008 or later)
Xserve (Early 2009)

Please note that despite system support, some functions, such as PowerNap or AirPlay, have more stringent restrictions and work not on all computers.

Apple says your computer must have 2 gigabytes of RAM to install OS X Mountain Lion, but we advise you to upgrade your Mac's RAM, since working with 4 gigabytes of memory in 10.8 is much more enjoyable.

Note that there is no need to install RAM in your computer from the same manufacturer that Apple itself installs. The main selection criterion is the operating frequency of the RAM. When you arrive at the store, we recommend that you provide the sales assistant with accurate data on all characteristics, for example, by saving a screenshot of the screen on your iPhone.

The key software limitation when installing Mountain Lion is current version systems no lower than OS X 10.6.8. The fact is that Mountain Lion, like Lion last year, is installed on your computer only through the Mac App Store, which is only available on OS X 10.6.8 and higher. In addition, Apple advises checking your computer for all available updates. You can check it in Finder from the Apple menu - Software Update.

If your Mac is running Mac OS X Leopard (10.5), then there is only one way to upgrade it to Mountain Lion. First, you will need to purchase Snow Leopard ($29) and from there upgrade to Mountain Lion, the release of which, let me remind you, we are already waiting for tonight.

While upgrading to OS X Lion last year, I purchased a wireless Magic Trackpad for my iMac. The reason for this decision was the new multi-touch gestures introduced by Apple in OS X Lion. Since then, I've been working on my Mac using a combination mouse and trackpad. With the advent of Mountain Lion, gestures will become even more common, and it will become more difficult to manage without a trackpad. If you have not yet purchased this wonderful thing, then I strongly recommend it to you - working on a desktop Mac becomes even more enjoyable.

To do this, launch Disk Utility on your Mac, select your startup disk in the left column and click the “Check Disk” button. Checking the disk's functionality will take some time and may slow down the system somewhat, but this is not a big deal. At the end of the test you should see something like the following.

If, during the check, Disk Utility found some problems in the operation of your boot disk, then we advise you to boot from another partition and, running Disk Utility again, try to fix all the problems in the partition where they occur by clicking on the “Fix disk” button "

If you are upgrading from Lion and your Mac is using Lion Recovery, you have the option to boot into the appropriate mode by holding Command+R after turning on the computer and use Disk Utility from there.

Do backup your Mac. We definitely recommend that you create a backup copy of your system using the program built into OS X Time Machine. To do this, you will need an external capacious storage device that is capable of storing all the information from your boot disk.

Mac users, running on Snow Leopard should deactivate FileVault. Mountain Lion, like Lion, has a slightly different encryption principle - FileVault 2. According to Apple, this principle is the best previously existing, and if FileVault is enabled on your Mac, then you can switch to a new system without loss by simply disabling FileVault before upgrading .

If you are using third-party disk encryption, then when you switch to new version OS X recommends that you disable it temporarily. Many of these products interact with the disk and operating system at a low level, and incompatibility with Mountain Lion may result in your Mac being unable to boot or unable to access all of your information. You can put the encryption into effect as soon as Mountain Lion is installed on your Mac and you are convinced that the encryption is compatible software.

We definitely recommend that you check your computer for updates. For example, system 10.6.8 contains the fixes needed to upgrade to Mountain Lion. You can update the software on your Mac from the Apple menu.

In addition to basic system updates, we recommend monitoring all third-party software installed on your computer. The upcoming release of a new version of the operating system always encourages developers to work on updating their applications to support the new version of the system and a smooth transition to the new OS. To do this, you can either visit the website of the developers of each of the programs installed on your Mac, or use the Mac App Store and check for updates to the programs there.

If you are too lazy to browse developer sites, we recommend using a more convenient solution. The site maintains a list of programs that have already been supported or are planned to be supported in OS X Lion and OS X Mountain Lion.

Set up your iCloud account or start one if you haven't already. On June 31 of this year, the MobileMe service ceased to exist, and if you were its user, you probably know about its closure, since Apple notified all its users about this more than once.

You can set up a cloud account in the “System Settings” program. Just go to the program and in the “Internet and wireless network” section, select iCloud. If your account has not yet been set up, you will be prompted to create a new one. There are more and more app developers now supporting iCloud on both iOS and OS X, and using this service will definitely make your life easier in the Apple ecosystem.

With a new operating system on the way, it's time to prepare your Mac for an upgrade. Of course, if you plan to switch to a new operating system. OS X Mavericks contains more than 200...

At the beginning of June 2018, as part of the WWDC conference, Apple introduced new edition its desktop operating system - macOS 10.14 Mojave, which introduced a number of new features and changes.

One of them concerned the OS update mechanism, which Apple moved from the Mac App Store back to Settings (as it was before the release of OS X Lion).

Apple has moved all update settings from the panel in the Mac App Store to new tab "Software update". Both panels contain all the software update features (the Mac App Store panel has an additional password setting option).

Despite changing the way updates are delivered, the redesigned Mac App Store in Mojave allows you to download and save a macOS installer that can be moved to external storage or create a downloadable macOS installer on a USB flash drive.

Advantages:

The updates section in the sidebar of the redesigned Mac App Store now only shows software updates.

The update mechanism now has its own tab.

The tab duplicates the advanced options contained in the panel Mac settings App Store, including the option to update applications and Quarantine.

When you press the button "Check Now" the Mac App Store preferences panel launches the panel "Software update".

Option "Software update" is no longer available in the Apple menu.

Main settings panel "Software Updates" looks familiar enough. To access it, go to "Settings" from the Apple menu or Dock, and then click "Software update".

Option "Update Now" allows you to install all software and updates displayed on the tab "Software update". You can customize automatic installation updates by checking the box next to the item "Automatically install Mac software updates".

To view additional features click option "Additionally".

If there is a software update available, you will have the option to install it now or cancel the scheduled installation at night.

If there is no software update available at the moment, a menu with options will open automatic update, in which you can set the settings as you wish:

• "Automatically check for updates"- checking for updates will be carried out automatically.
• "Download updates if available"- Mac will be on its own (in background) download updates without prompting.
• "Install macOS updates"- Mac will automatically install macOS updates.
• “Install software updates from the App Store”- Mac will automatically install application updates from the Mac App Store.
• "Install system files and security system updates"- Mac will automatically install system files and security updates.

Updates will be delivered through the updates section of the Mac App Store.

In macOS 10.14 Mojave, the Mac App Store has been completely redesigned in the style of the App Store from iOS 11. The Mac App Store has new themed sections and improved navigation. True, it is unclear why Apple transferred the update mechanism from OS X Lion "Settings» in the Mac App Store if Mojave has returned to its previous form.

One of the assumptions about the release date of the final version of OS X Mountain Lion turned out to be correct, and at yesterday's conference call Tim Cook announced that the new system will be available for download on July 25, that is, today. While the United States sleeps, you and I will prepare our Macs for the transition to the new system. I hope everyone will update to 10.8?

Like last year's Lion, it is extremely easy to install and does not require any skills from the user. Apart from following the instructions on the computer screen, you will not be asked to do anything more. The first thing you need to know before upgrading to Mountain Lion is the system's compatibility with your computer. As Apple itself says, the new version of the system will work on the following computers:

MacBook (Aluminum Late 2008 or Early 2009 or later)
MacBook Pro (Mid/Late 2007 or later)
MacBook Air (Late 2008 or later)
iMac (Mid 2007 or later)
Mac mini (Early 2009 or later)
Mac Pro (Early 2008 or later)
Xserve (Early 2009)

Please note that despite system support, some functions, such as PowerNap or AirPlay, have more stringent restrictions and work not on all computers.

Apple says your computer must have 2 gigabytes of RAM to install OS X Mountain Lion, but we advise you to upgrade your Mac's RAM, since working with 4 gigabytes of memory in 10.8 is much more enjoyable.

Note that there is no need to install RAM in your computer from the same manufacturer that Apple itself installs. The main selection criterion is the operating frequency of the RAM. When you arrive at the store, we recommend that you provide the sales assistant with accurate data on all characteristics, for example, by saving a screenshot of the screen on your iPhone.

If you're having trouble identifying your Mac's system data, you can always use the free Mactracker app, which provides all the information about every device Apple has ever made. In the program you will definitely find your “mac” and detailed description his technical characteristics and data.

The key software limitation when installing Mountain Lion is current system version no lower than OS X 10.6.8. The fact is that Mountain Lion, like Lion last year, is installed on a computer only through the Mac App Store, which is only available on OS X 10.6.8 and higher. In addition, Apple advises checking your computer for all available updates. You can check it in Finder from the Apple menu - Software Update.

If your Mac is running Mac OS X Leopard (10.5), then there is only one way to upgrade it to Mountain Lion. First, you will need to purchase Snow Leopard ($29) and from there upgrade to Mountain Lion, the release of which, let me remind you, we are already waiting for tonight.

While upgrading to OS X Lion last year, I purchased a wireless Magic Trackpad for my iMac. The reason for this decision was the new multi-touch gestures introduced by Apple in OS X Lion. Since then, I've been working on my Mac using a combination mouse and trackpad. With the advent of Mountain Lion, gestures will become even more common, and it will become more difficult to manage without a trackpad. If you haven’t purchased this wonderful thing yet, I strongly recommend it to you - working on a desktop Mac becomes even more enjoyable.

To do this, launch Disk Utility on your Mac, select your startup disk in the left column and click the “Check Disk” button. Checking the disk's functionality will take some time and may slow down the system somewhat, but this is not a big deal. At the end of the test you should see something like the following.

If, during the verification process, Disk Utility has detected any problems in the operation of your boot disk, then we advise you to boot from another partition and, running Disk Utility again, try to fix all the problems in the partition where they occur by clicking on the “Fix disk” button "

If you are upgrading from Lion and your Mac is using Lion Recovery, you have the option to boot into the appropriate mode by holding Command+R after turning on the computer and use Disk Utility from there.

Back up your Mac. We definitely recommend that you create a backup copy of your system using the Time Machine program built into OS X. To do this, you will need an external, capacious storage device that can accommodate all the information from your boot disk.

Mac users running Snow Leopard should deactivate FileVault. Mountain Lion, like Lion, has a slightly different encryption principle - FileVault 2. According to Apple, this principle is the best previously existing, and if FileVault is enabled on your Mac, then you can switch to a new system without loss by simply disabling FileVault before upgrading .

If you use third-party disk encryption, we recommend that you temporarily disable it when upgrading to a new version of OS X. Many of these products interact with the disk and operating system at a low level, and incompatibility with Mountain Lion may result in your Mac being unable to boot or unable to access all of your information. You can put encryption into action as soon as Mountain Lion is installed on your Mac and you have verified that the software encryption is compatible.

We definitely recommend that you check your computer for updates. For example, system 10.6.8 contains the fixes needed to upgrade to Mountain Lion. You can update the software on your Mac from the Apple menu.

In addition to basic system updates, we recommend monitoring all third-party software installed on your computer. The upcoming release of a new version of the operating system always encourages developers to work on updating their applications to support the new version of the system and a smooth transition to the new OS. To do this, you can either visit the website of the developers of each of the programs installed on your Mac, or use the Mac App Store and check for updates to the programs there.

If you are too lazy to browse developer sites, we recommend using a more convenient solution. The RoaringApps website maintains a list of programs that are already supported or planned to be supported in OS X Lion and OS X Mountain Lion.

Set up your iCloud account or start one if you haven't already. On June 31 of this year, the MobileMe service ceased to exist, and if you were its user, you probably know about its closure, since Apple notified all its users about this more than once.

You can set up a cloud account in the System Settings program. Just go to the program and in the “Internet and wireless network» select iCloud. If your account has not yet been set up, you will be prompted to create a new one. There are more and more app developers now supporting iCloud on both iOS and OS X, and using this service will definitely make your life easier in the Apple ecosystem.

Introduced a year ago Apple principle Software updates are very convenient, and you and I don't have to leave our desk to update our Mac. As Apple prepares to launch new system, we invite you to drink a cup of coffee or watch a good movie. And by the way, did you remember to check your balance? credit card?..

Based on materials from macworld.com

And its update. Before you begin, it is important to decide what exactly you need to do. That is, it will be necessary to understand whether a complete reinstallation of the operating system or a simple update is required. You will also need to prepare the device for reinstallation (for example, if you are going to sell your device).

Additionally, you can restore from a TimeMachine backup if you have configured this. So, first things first:

1. If you want to update your Mac OS, you can create a backup copy just in case, so that in case of unforeseen circumstances, you can restore the system.
2. If you are going to restore the operating system, then no action is required. However, you can check for backups if you want to install one of them.
3. At complete reinstallation you will need, as in the first point, to create a copy. Then be sure to deauthorize your computer or laptop from iTunes. To do this, launch the program, open the “Account” tab, select the authorization item, and then open the deauthorization item. Please note that your Apple ID password may be required. Next, sign out of iCloud after disabling Find My Mac if it was previously enabled. Also log out of your account in iMessage and FaceTime services. At this point, your preparation ends. Let's move on, friends.

Reinstallation

• First of all, please note that the following instructions provide for reinstallation with the installation of the version of the operating system that was installed when you purchased the device. That is, if you purchased a Macbook with OSX Mavericks, and then upgraded it to ElCaptain, then after reinstallation the laptop will have Mavericks again. It is also worth remembering that all your data will be deleted from your computer. This method is suitable for those who want to sell their device, give it to someone, or simply receive the device “out of the box.” If this method does not suit you, then go to the “Recovery” paragraph.
• So, let's get started: immediately after turning on the computer, hold down the key combination Option+Command+R.

• Once you see the logo Apple, you can release the buttons.
• If you did everything correctly, Disk Utility will launch, with which you will need to clean up the built-in hard drive. Please note that Extended journal format must be used. After this you can close the window.
• Now click on “Reinstall mac OS”. Follow the prompts on your computer or laptop screen to complete the steps indicated.
• When your device restarts, you'll see the Setup Assistant that opens when you turn on macOS computers for the first time. If you don't want to configure it (for example, as mentioned above, when selling the device), then use the Command+Q combination to turn off the Mac. This way, you will give the opportunity to configure the settings to another user, your future buyer. Ready! This completes the reinstallation.

Update

Updating macOS is much easier than any other operating system on your computer. This process is accompanied by fewer problems and questions. This will be especially noticeable by those people who have updated Windows at least once. In order to update your Mac computer or laptop, you only need an Internet connection and a little time.

• Launch the Mac AppStore.
• In shopping or in other sections of the store, find the new version of the operating system. Most often it is in the first places of the “Top Chart” or in the “Selection”.
• Click the “Download” button or “Install” if the system has already been downloaded previously. Wait for the operation to complete and continue using the now updated mac OS.

Recovery

Recovering with Time Machine

If you have a Time Machine backup, you will need to boot the device from the recovery partition using Command+R when you turn on the computer. In the service window mac programs OS, select the item of the same name. Please note that all data from the disk will be cleared and replaced with information and files from your backup. The recovery itself is easy to do using the instructions on the computer screen.

If you want to reinstall your Mac device without erasing your data (that is, restore it), repeat the steps in the previous paragraph to launch the Utilities window. If necessary, clean up the disk using a utility you are already familiar with. If you do not know it, then return to the third point of the reinstallation paragraph. After closing the program window, click on “Reinstall mac OS” and follow the steps that the assistant dictates to you.

Conclusion

Dear friends, today we have completely cleared up all the issues related to working with macOS:

1. Reinstallation with cleaning and deleting all data for further sale of the device or transfer to another user.
2. Updating the operating system through the Mac App Store.
3. Restoring the system from a Time Machine backup.
4. Reinstallation while saving personal data.

We hope that everything worked out for you and there are no misunderstandings or questions left. Tell us in the comments how your reinstallation or recovery of macOS went. Enjoy your use, dear readers!

This article will help you install an operating system macOS system Mojave 10.14.x on your Mac using the utility macOS Mojave Patcher.
And first of all, the article will be useful to owners of outdated Mac models, but quite functional today.

Also, owners of Mac models officially supported by the macOS Mojave operating system may encounter difficulties installing the original system.
For example, some owners of Mac Pro 5.1 models or Mac Pro 4.1 models flashed in Mac Pro 5.1 installing macOS Mojave 10.14 (namely the first build dated September 25, 2018) most likely will not be able to install the operating system from a flash drive (clean installation) even if they have a video card with Metal support, but will only be able to update the installed macOS High Sierra.
The second reason for this particular installation may be the user’s unwillingness to flash a new version of Boot ROM: 138.0.0.0.0 into their Mac. for the same Mac Pro 5.1, in order to maintain the ability to roll back to previous Apple operating systems.

The article has been translated and adapted into Russian, for those users who find it difficult to read from English.
You can find the original article by following the link (will open in a new tab).

So let's get started...

Early 2008 or newer Mac Pro, iMac, and MacBook Pro:

• MacPro3,1
• MacPro4,1
• iMac8,1
• iMac9.1
• iMac10.x
• iMac11.x*
• iMac12.x*
• MacBookPro4,1
• MacBookPro5,x
• MacBookPro6,x
• MacBookPro7,1
• MacBookPro8,x

* Systems with GPUs AMD Radeon HD 5xxx and 6xxx will be virtually unusable when running Mojave. For more information, see the known issues section below.

Late 2008 or newer MacBook Air or aluminum Unibody MacBook:

• MacBookAir2,1
• MacBookAir3,x
• MacBookAir4,x
• MacBook5,1

Early 2009 or newer Mac Mini and white MacBooks:

• Macmini3,1
• Macmini4,1
• Macmini5,x
• MacBook5,2
• MacBook6,1
• MacBook7,1

Early 2008 release Early-2008 or later Xserve:

• Macmini3,1
• Macmini4,1
• Macmini5,x
• MacBook5,2
• MacBook6,1
• MacBook7,1

Release 2006-2007 all Mac Pro, iMacs, MacBook Pros and Mac Mini models:

• MacPro1,1
• MacPro2,1
• iMac4,1
• iMac5.x
• iMac6.1
• iMac7.1*
• MacBookPro1,1
• MacBookPro2,1
• MacBookPro3,1
• Macmini1,1
• Macmini2,1

* iMac 7.1 from 2007 is compatible if the CPU is upgraded to T9300 Core 2 Duo (Penryn).

MacBook models 2006-2008:

• MacBook1,1
• MacBook2,1
• MacBook3,1
• MacBook4,1

MacBook Air 2008 model:

• MacBook Air 1.1

Graphics Anomalies: Currently, Metal conditional graphics cards used in Mojave will produce a strange dark gray menu bar and sidebar Finder when using light theme. IN dark theme, however, these anomalies do not exist.

Acceleration GPU AMD Radeon HD 5xxx/6xxx series graphics cards: It is currently not possible to obtain full graphics acceleration when running Mojave on a system using graphics cards with a Radeon HD 5xxx or 6xxx series GPU. Mojave will be virtually unusable without graphics acceleration. This applies to 15" and 17" MacBook Pro models (MacBookPro8, 2 and 8.3). If you want to enable GPU acceleration on these machines, you will need to disable the AMD GPU (this will only work on MacBook systems Pro 8.2 and 8.3. Disable graphic AMD processor you can't on an iMac.) Strange colors will also appear when running Mojave with one of these graphics cards installed/enabled. To disable AMD video card on a 2011 MacBook Pro 8.2 or 8.3, follow the instructions by following the link.

GPU support in Mac Pro 3.1 (Early 2008): You cannot use a new AMD graphics card with Mojave, even if it supports Metal technology and is supported in Mojave. The new AMD drivers used in Mojave require the SSE4.2 instruction set from the computer's processor(s), Mac Pro 3.1 processors do not support these instructions. There is currently no way around this. Your only graphics card upgrade option for MacPro3.1 systems nVidia card which will work great.
.

Built-in iSight cameras: Built-in iSight cameras currently do not work correctly on some machines. It will probably work, but before installing, be aware that your iSight camera may not work.

Trackpad (MacBook 5.2 only). The trackpad on MacBook5.2 is not fully supported in Mojave. While it works and is fully usable, Mojave detects it like a regular mouse, preventing you from changing some trackpad-centric settings.

Mac computers that use the Broadcom BCM4321 (BCM94321) WiFi module will not have functional WiFi when running Mojave, and support for these modules has been discontinued starting with macOS Sierra. This usually applies to MacPro3.1, MacBook5.2, MacBookPro4.1, iMac8.1, Macmini3.1 and MacBookAir2.1 computers. Please note that not all of these machines will have an unsupported card, this is simply a list of machines that are known to ship with this card in some configurations.
.

You can find out if you have an unsupported card by opening System Profiler (click Apple > About This Mac > System Report), and click on Wi-Fi under Network. Pay attention to the value specified for the Card Type field.

Below are the IDs of Wi-Fi modules that do not work in Mojave:

• (0x14E4, 0x8C)
• (0x14E4, 0x9D)
• (0x14E4, 0x87)
• (0x14E4, 0x88)
• (0x14E4, 0x8B)
• (0x14E4, 0x89)
• (0x14E4, 0x90)

* Any ID not listed above, such as (0x14E4, 0x8D), is a supported card and will work fine in Mojave.

What you will need:

1. A copy of the Mac OS Mojave installer.
You can download it from the Mac App Store using a Mojave-enabled computer, or using the built-in download feature directly from the macOS Mojave Patcher utility. Launch macOS Mojave Patcher and from the menu bar simply select "Tools > Download macOS Mojave..." as shown in the image below:

2. USB drive of at least 16 GB in size

3. macOS Mojave Patcher utility
Download latest version: Link 1 or Link 2

* View the list of changes (at English) and you can download previous versions of the utility.

Mojave installation process:

1. Insert your USB drive (remember, at least 16 GB), open Disk Utility and format it as OS X Extended (Journaled).

2. Open the previously downloaded “macOS Mojave Patcher” utility and find your copy of the macOS Mojave Installer installation program; as a rule, the macOS installer is usually downloaded to the Applications folder.
Do as in the picture below:

A window should appear indicating that the utility has successfully verified the macOS Mojave Installer application. Click the "OK" button

3. Then select the USB drive from the drop-down list on the right and click the wide "Start Operation" button.
See the picture below:

4. When the installation flash drive is ready, you need to boot from it. To do this, turn your Mac off and on again, hold down the Option (ALT) key and choose to boot from the flash drive.
See the picture below:

Note: Follow steps 5 and 6 if you want to do clean install. If you're already familiar with installing macOS, you can simply skip these steps and install the Mojave operating system on a previous version of OS X, which will then perform an in-place upgrade.

5. Once the installer has downloaded, open Disk Utility from the utility menu or double-click it in the utility window in the lower left corner of the screen.
See the picture below:

6. Select the drive or partition on which you want to install macOS Mojave, and click Erase, then select the file Mac system OS Extended (Journaled) or APFS. When formatting an entire disk, make sure that the disk partition is set to GUID.

• Use APFS for 2009 and later models, it will work the same as on macOS High Sierra.
• It is recommended to use APFS only if you are installing Mojave on an SSD drive.

If you have a Mac that didn't natively support High Sierra (and therefore can't boot from an APFS volume natively), note the following:

• If you are using APFS, you will not have a bootable recovery partition (Recovery HD).
• If you choose to use APFS, the bootloader will be installed by the utility later because the firmware of these unsupported machines does not support booting from APFS volumes. This is not a completely native loading method, but will not cause any problems while running Mojave. You can watch a demo of the download process.

* It should be noted that if for some reason you are installing the operating system on an officially supported Mac model with a video card that supports Metal, then at this stage the installation is complete and you do not need to complete steps 8-11. Just restart your Mac.

8. Once the installation is complete, reboot again while holding down the Option (ALT) key and select boot from the flash drive again. Once downloaded, open the "mac OS Post Install" application.
See the picture below:

9. A window will open in which you need to select the model of your Mac in the “Choose your Mac Model” section at the top of the drop-down list. After selecting your Mac model, the optimal checkboxes (checkboxes) will be marked automatically for your model. You can also check other boxes of your choice, but this is generally not required.

10. At the bottom, in the Select Volume section, in the drop-down list, select the volume on which you just installed Mac OS Mojave and click "Patch". When the utility installs all the selected patches, click "Restart". Your Mac may take a few minutes to rebuild its cache before rebooting.

*If for some reason the system does not work correctly after rebooting, please boot back to installation disk, run "mac OS Post Install" again and select "Force Cache Rebuild" before rebooting. In most cases this is not necessary.

11. After restarting, your Mac should boot into a fully functional macOS Mojave operating system.

Additional information:

At Mac installation OS Post Install tool, in Mojave the "Patch Updater" program is installed, located in the /Applications/Utilities folder. This program will alert you when new patch updates are available for your machine and prompt you to install them. If you do not have Patch Updater installed, but want to install it, you can download and install this program, click on the link and after downloading, unpack the archive.

Reinstalling patches:

During a macOS Mojave update, some of our fixes may be overwritten. Using the Patch Update Tool, you can reinstall these patches with one click. To do this, open the Patch Updater application and select "View Installed Updates", or use the "View > Show Installed Updates" menu in the menu bar.