Linux Ubuntu update. Installing Ubuntu updates

Updating Linux is an important stage in the operation of the system, allowing not only to improve security, but also to supplement programs and system components with new capabilities.

Before you start, be sure to create backup copy all necessary data. There is a possibility that the update will be unsuccessful, so you need to be prepared to reinstall Linux in case of unforeseen circumstances. Please note that it is recommended to update the system as versions are released: i.e. without missing intermediate OS releases. Otherwise, it is quite possible that such actions will damage the system. In total, you can update your Linux system in 2 ways: through GUI or through the terminal. But before starting this process, it is advisable to update installed applications. In the system we find “Programs and updates”. We are interested in the tab called “Updates”. We go to it and put a tick in the “Updates not included in the official release” column. We also find the column “Notify me when a new version of Ubuntu is released” and in the selection menu set “When any new version is available.” After confirmation, the system will ask the user for a password. We enter it and wait for the parameters to update. After which you can proceed directly to updating the system itself. Go to the terminal and start writing “Application Update”. A window will open with applications that can be updated. Along with them, Linux will also update the system. We confirm the actions by clicking the “Install Now” button. There is a possibility that the system will update only applications, without affecting the update of the system itself. In this case, reopen the “Application Update” window. Linux will prompt you to update your OS. We confirm all actions, and at the end click “Start update”. We are waiting for the update to install and then restart the computer. As mentioned above, there is another update method, which it is advisable to use also after updating applications. This method the most simplified and will not take much time. After logging into the terminal, open the command line and start entering the command: “sudo apt-get update”. Once the software update is complete, enter the further command “sudo do-release-upgrade”. Confirm the action by pressing the "Y" key and wait for your system to update.

These are all the methods by which you can update Linux OS. It is not at all necessary to update the system as new versions are released. But the update may fix some possible bugs associated with the previous version, or improve the operation of some components, not to mention a number of possible innovations.

Ubuntu has more than one great GUI for installing applications. But they all take some time to find the desired program. Since using a keyboard is generally considered faster than using a mouse, operating software in a terminal can also save time

APT - manages software packages on Ubuntu, Linux Mint and other Debian-like systems.

Linux manages software through packages. Software packages are individual units of software that contain user interfaces, modules, and libraries. Most applications are usually bundled with several co-dependent packages together, and other applications require additional packages to be installed. In connection with this, for any program to work, you need to know which packages need to be installed, and which are already present in the system, and therefore do not need to be installed. For ordinary users, this may seem confusing. That's why there is a package manager, which solves everything routine work with packages.

Each Linux distribution has its own package management system. We will look at the Ubuntu package management system, and its close relatives Linux Mint and all Debian-like distributions. This package management system is called Advanced Packaging Tool. APT has a set of commands that allows you to add repositories (storages); search, install and remove packages; and even modernize the system. The commands are fairly easy to remember and use, so you'll be learning how to operate your system's software in no time at all!

Most APT commands require super user permission as they deal with core aspects of the system, so on Ubuntu you must use "sudo" at the beginning of the commands.

Software Search

The command to search for software is:

apt-cache search [search by keyword 1] [search by keyword 2] ... [search by keyword n]

Replace [search terms], but do not use parentheses. Something like this:

You can search results by package name or description, for example:

Apt-cache search emulator

Some queries can produce a ton of results. You can use list output via "less". This will make it convenient to scroll through the list using the arrows on the keyboard:

Apt-cache search emulator | less

The "Q" key exits the list and returns you to the command line.

Adding repositories (storages)

You can find more programs by integrating additional program repositories. Let's take Ubuntu Tweak for example. This is a program that allows you to change some hidden settings, perform cleaning, edit compiz settings and many other changes to the system. This program is located in a non-standard, different storage, in contrast to the existing default repositories in the system. You could simply download its installation package and install it, as it usually looks in Windows. But if you add a repository for such a program, instead of downloading it, and install such a software package, the system will notify you about the next news and even automatically keep it up to date. You can manually add and change repositories by editing the sources.list file:

Sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

But back in 2011, with the release of Ubuntu 9.10 Karmic Koala, this matter changed. There is an easier way for the terminal!

Sudo add-apt-repository

Let's see an example on the same repository for Ubuntu Tweak:

Sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa

Updating Application Sources

After adding repositories, you must update the package list.

Sudo apt-get update

This command will update the list of packages from all available repositories in your OS in one go. Don't forget to do this after every new storage you add!

Installing programs

Sudo apt-get install [package name 1] [package name 2] ... [package name n]

This command will download and install all the packages that were listed. If additional dependencies are needed, they will also be installed. It often happens that the main package is bundled with other packages, so the installer will include all of this in the installation, asking your permission first.

Removing packages

If you want to get rid of a program, you can remove the package and all its associated packages.

Sudo apt-get remove [package name 1] [package name 2] ... [package name n]

If you also want to get rid of the configuration files of their associated directories (usually located in the user's home directory), you must add the --purge option:

Sudo apt-get remove --purge [package name 1] [package name 2] ... [package name n]

Note: two dashes. This command will come in handy if the program is not working properly. After uninstalling with the --purge option, you will be able to have a "clean install".

Mostly use the remove command to remove the main package. But there is such a “cunning” command:

Sudo apt-get autoremove

This command will automatically remove all packages (libraries, dependencies) that are not used on the system and that remain after uninstalling the installed program. For example, if you got rid of the main package, then autoremove will rid the system of everything that was associated with that package, any dependencies that no other program uses anymore. This is a great way to clean up all the unused libraries and packages that you don't need.

Software update

If your packages need updating? You can update individual programs using the following command:

Sudo apt-get upgrade [package name 1] [package name 2] ... [package name n]

Or easier! You can update all packages without using additional arguments:

Sudo apt-get upgrade

The team will tell you how many and which packages need updating and ask for confirmation before proceeding.

Sometimes it happens that the program cannot update to latest version, due to old dependencies. This means that the newest packages will not be installed, but will not be removed either. Such software updates require not only a new package, but also new dependencies. In these cases, you will need to use apt-get dist-upgrade.

Sudo apt-get dist-upgrade [package name 1] [package name 2] ... [package name n] sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

The last command will update the entire distribution to the latest release.

If you only want to see which packages will be updated, run the command with the -s attribute, which will only simulate the update.

Sudo apt-get -s upgrade

This is really useful if you're not sure that upgrading one package won't cause confusion in other programs, which sometimes happens with things like PHP or mail server libraries.

Cleaning

When downloading packages, Ubuntu caches them and will refer to them later. You can clear this cache and free up some hard disk space using the following command:

Sudo apt-get clean

If you want to get rid of the cache by removing old packages that are no longer in the repository, but keep new versions of packages that are installed on the system, then use this:

Sudo apt-get autoclean

This will get rid of old versions that are largely useless but still remain in the program cache.

Displaying a list of programs installed on the system

You can view a list of all installed packages using dpkg.

Dpkg --list

You can also use the convenience of the –list command to scroll through this list installed programs:

Dpkg --list | less

You can also view not the entire list of installed programs, but by the required name using the grep command.

Dpkg --list | grep [search term]

If installed, you will see the package name and description.

You can also search through a more compact method:

Dpkg --list | grep "search term"

This option presents a more detailed list of descriptions of installed packages with a search condition.

Easter Egg

IN open programs, which Linux uses, there are so-called "Easter eggs". APT is no exception and also has an interesting Easter egg.
Command:

Sudo apt-get moo

Enjoy, super cow!

By learning to manage packages and installed software using command line, You will be able to save your time. Ubuntu Software Updater can be slow on older computers, which can be annoying. Adding software repositories and installing packages through the Software Center is not very fast, especially if you already know the package names. Command line knowledge is also great for remote system management via SSH. You don't need to login to the GUI via VNC, which takes time and internet traffic.

There are many things in Linux that take years to learn. I'm still learning a lot myself. The best thing is that Linux is very addictive, and the further you go, the more interesting it becomes.

Greetings Everyone!

We figured out how to install Ubuntu in previous articles: How to install the Linux Ubuntu operating system? and How to install Linux Ubuntu and Windows operating system on the same computer?

To keep both the operating system and the installed software up to date, it will be necessary to install updates. And the update manager will help us with this. Every day it will check for updates and prompt us to install them. In this article I will tell you how to install updates and programs for Linux Ubuntu.

After installing the system, we see that to update the system itself and programs for Linux Ubuntu, we need to download 215.6 MB. We agree with the proposal and click the “Install Now” button.

The first stage of installing updates has started - downloading. To see what the update wizard does, click “Details”.

In the window that opens, we see which system and program update packages for Linux Ubuntu are currently being downloaded.

After downloading, installation of the downloaded packages will begin.

After installing the packages, to apply system updates and programs for Linux Ubuntu, the installation wizard will prompt you to restart your computer.
We agree and restart the computer now by clicking the “Restart now...” button.

The computer has rebooted and after the desktop opens, let's move on to installing new packages (programs for Linux Ubuntu).

Let's start installing programs for Linux Ubuntu with the VLC media player. (Totem video player is already installed on the system, but I’m more familiar with VLC. And I install it on all my new systems.)

Open the Application Center and enter the name of the required package in the search bar. If the required package is in the standard repositories, then the application center will display it to us. The required package has been found and in order to install it, click the appropriate button.

To install additional programs for Linux Ubuntu we will need additional privileges. To receive them, the system asks us to enter our password. Enter it and press the “Authenticate” button

The installation process will begin. This is what the Linux Ubuntu Application Center tells us at the top of the window and on the left in the form of a loading bar.

While VLC is being installed, let's add one more application to Linux Ubuntu - the Chromium Internet browser.

I use the cross-platform editor GIMP to edit images and photos. We also type its name in the search bar and click the “Install” button.

For working in the console it is very convenient to use in Linux Ubuntu application « file manager MC" (Midnight Commander). We also type its name in the search bar and click the “Install” button.

Sometimes you have to edit audio recordings. For these tasks, on Linux Ubuntu I use free application- Audacity audio editor. Which is also included in the standard Ubuntu repositories. In order to look brief description package, you need to click the “Details” button

After reading the description, click the “Install” button.

To expand the ability of the operating system to work with various archives, we need the Linux Ubuntu application - 7zip.

After reading the description of this package, click the “Install” button.

If you need to install some other programs for Linux Ubuntu, then you can also find it in the application center and install it.

We looked at how we can install updates and the programs we need through the update wizard and application center.

All these operations (installing updates and programs for Linux Ubuntu) can be performed from the command line.

To do this, open a terminal. By clicking on the icon in the upper left corner of the screen “Search on your computer...”. In the search bar, enter “term” and select the “Terminal” program by left-clicking.

A terminal (command line) window will open.

sudo apt-get update

To obtain additional privileges, you must enter the user password and press the “Enter” key on the keyboard.

The update process will continue. And we should get a response that "Reading package list... Done." This means that the list of packages has been updated, and we can proceed to updating packages.

To update the list of packages, type the command
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
and press the “Enter” key on the keyboard.

After the analysis, it will tell us which programs for Linux Ubuntu will be installed and which will just be updated. And it will ask us for consent to continue the update. Type the letter “D” and press the “Enter” key on the keyboard.

The update process will continue.

After the update is completed, the command line will become available for input.

Now let's look at installing the previously discussed applications for Linux Ubuntu.

To do this, enter just one line in the terminal
sudo apt-get install vlc chomium-browser audacity mc p7zip-full
and press the “Enter” key on the keyboard.

After the analysis, the system will tell us which applications for Linux Ubuntu will be installed. And it will ask us for consent to continue the installation. Type the letter “D” and press the “Enter” key on the keyboard.

Once the installation is complete, we see entries in the terminal about the configuration of the packages to be installed.

We looked at how you can update the Linux Ubuntu operating system in two ways and install necessary programs(applications). And you can support the operating system in a way convenient for you and software up to date, and you can also find and install the required programs for Linux Ubuntu. And if there are still unclear questions on this topic and there are suggestions, then I ask you to write them in the comments. Bye everyone!

Some updates operating systems serve to eliminate security holes, others help the OS support new programs. But the most valuable are those that improve the system itself - add new functions and capabilities to it. If a Long Term Support (LTS) update is released, it is very useful to pay attention to it. Updating Ubuntu through the Terminal serves many purposes. A reasonable user will not refuse the benefits it provides.

When updating via the terminal, you must use special commands.

The Ubuntu operating system is updated mostly every six months. This is a sufficient period for new technologies, know-how and solutions to appear in the IT world. Therefore, keeping track of updates and installing them in a timely manner is a sure way to be on the cutting edge of technology.

The Ubuntu system has long been famous for the approach that Canonical incorporated into it. It promises the ability to get everything you need at once, on one disk or in one image. If software updates are released, the system will also notify you about this and offer installation.

Linux operating systems have not previously been known for their attention to the needs of beginners. Now things are a little different. One of the useful innovations of Ubuntu is the Update Manager. It allows you not only to receive notifications about the release of new OS versions. It also offers the best option for installing software packages. Therefore, you will have the necessary software when it is in demand and relevant.

Let's take a closer look at how to update Ubuntu through the Terminal. If you want to find out for yourself about important and supported updates, go to the “System” - “Administration” - “Update Manager” section. Your OS itself will begin searching for new versions of current programs and packages for them. This is most relevant when you are waiting for new features, and the process of downloading updated versions does not start automatically.

You can always install through the official website. But it's a little slower. And you shouldn’t chase novelty by uploading releases without long-term support. Errors in test versions can be quite serious.

Let's start updating

IMPORTANT. For everything to go well, your PC must have a system version of 14.04 and newer installed. Also get sudo rights. Otherwise you may run into problems.

First of all, save all important data to a separate medium. The best option There will be a backup of important folders, or even the entire file system.

Get up-to-date information about packages and update those that are already installed. You can do it like this:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Ubuntu will display a list of new versions. Review the on-screen instructions and confirm the steps.

Consider dependencies that have changed. The following command will help do this:

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

If everything went well, you will have the latest version of the already installed distribution on your computer. This is where you need to start a complete update of Linux Ubuntu via the Terminal.

Installing a new version

To update Ubuntu, we use the "do-release-upgrade" tool.

To get started, you will need the "update-manager-core" package. This new version Update Manager:

sudo apt-get install update-manager-core

sudo do-release-upgrade

We suggest updating to the latest official version. This is what the “-d” option at the end of the command does.

sudo do-release-upgrade -d

You may receive a warning that you cannot use SSH, or that you are at risk of losing your connection. Please read it carefully and accept the terms by pressing “y”. You can ignore all of the following dialog boxes by agreeing to the information presented.

Updating Ubuntu via Terminal is almost finished. The system will have a few more questions for you, for example, about restarting services, or replacing configuration files. Answer as your needs require.

Once the new packages are downloaded, Ubuntu will prompt you to remove the old ones:

Remove obsolete packages?
53 packages are going to be removed.
Continue Details [d]y

Answer “Yes” if you did not install in the OS important files configurations and extensions.

Restart your computer once the installation of the new version is complete. If everything went well, you will see a welcome message with the new version number.

Conclusions

As you can see, there is nothing complicated about updating Ubuntu through the Terminal. Are you proficient in typing? This is already enough to get the latest version of the OS.

Use new system opens up new possibilities. It can also cause new problems. Therefore, if there are any problems with the OS or programs, read the latest materials on our website!

Kernel development speed Linux very high - new major releases come out approximately every two or three months. Each release comes with several new features and improvements that many people can take advantage of to make their computers faster, more efficient, and better in other ways.

The problem, however, is that you usually can't enjoy these new kernel releases as soon as they come out - you have to wait until a new version of your distribution comes out that includes the new kernel version. However, if you know the benefits of regularly updating the kernel, you may not want to wait until you get it this way. We'll show you how to update the kernel Linux.

Disclaimer: You should be aware that updating the kernel carries a (small) risk of breaking your system. If this suddenly happens, usually when booting the system you just need to select the old kernel and the system will boot, but something can always go wrong. Therefore, we are not responsible for any damage to your system - use our instructions at your own risk!

Preparatory work:

To update your kernel, first you need to determine what system you are using - 32- bit or 64- bit. Open a new terminal window (to do this, use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Alt+T) and run the following command in it:

Then check the command output to see if it says x 86_64 or i686. If this x86_64, then you have 64-bit system version, otherwise you are working with 32-bit system. Remember this because it will be important.

Now visit the official kernel website Linux. This will help you find out what the current stable kernel version is. Of course, you can try release candidate versions, but they are much less tested than stable ones. Install the stable version unless you are completely sure what you need R.C.(release candidate)-release.

Instructions for Ubuntu:

For users Ubuntu and distributions based on it, you can simply update their kernel thanks to PPA-a repository called Ubuntu Mainline Kernel PPA. Although it's officially called a PPA, you can't add it to your system by adding it to your list of application sources and letting it automatically download and update the kernel for you. It's just a web page that you can go to to download the kernel you want.

Now visit the web page PPA for kernels and scroll to the end. At the very end of the list you will probably see some release candidate versions (you can identify them by " rc" in the name), and right on top of them should be the latest stable kernel. Click on it and you will be presented with several options. You need to download three files and save them in their own folder so that they are isolated from other files (for example, you can create a folder in your downloads folder):

• Header file" generic" for your architecture (in my case 64-bit or " amd64″)
• Header file in the middle that has " all" at the end of the file name
• "generic"-kernel file for your architecture (and again, I choose " amd64″, but if you use 32-bit, you will need " i686″)

You may also notice that there are also files available for download " lowlatency", but they can be ignored. These files are usually relatively unstable and are made available specifically for people who need low latency if regular files are not suitable for tasks such as audio recording. Always use initially generic files and try lowlatency only if the performance is not good enough for some tasks. And no, gaming or web surfing are not reasons to use lowlatency.

You put these files in their own folder, right? Now open a terminal and use the command CD to go to the newly created folder - for example, your command might look something like this:

cd /home/user/Downloads/Kernel

and then do:

sudo dpkg -i *.deb

This command marks everything .deb files in the folder as intended for installation and then performs this installation. This is the recommended way to install these files because otherwise you may get dependency issues if you install them one by one. Using this command helps avoid this problem.

Once the installation is complete, reboot your computer and you should now be running the new kernel! You can check this by running the command uname -a in the terminal and see what it outputs.

Instructions for Fedora:

If you are using distribution Fedora or one of its derivatives, the process will be very similar to that used in Ubuntu. You'll just need to download the files from a different location and install them with a different command.

View a list of the most recent kernel builds for Fedora. Select the latest available version from the list and then decide on the version - i686 or x86_64- depending on the architecture of your system. In this section you will need to download the following files and save them in your own folder (for example, you can create a directory " Kernel" inside your folder Downloads)

• kernel
• kernel-core
• kernel-headers
• kernel-modules
• kernel-modules-extra
• kernel-tools
• perf and python-perf(additionally)

If your system i686 (32-bit), and you have four or more gigabytes RAM, you will need to download PAE-version for all these files, if available. PAE is an addressing technology that is used to allow 32-bit systems use more 3 gigabytes RAM.

Now use the command CD to navigate to the created folder, for example:

Also users Fedora can just switch to Rawhide which will automatically update every package to the latest version, including the kernel Linux. However, it is known that Rawhide will stop working all the time (especially early in the development cycle) and is not worth using on systems you rely on.

Instructions for Arch Linux:

Users Arch should always have the latest available kernel (or very close to it) due to the nature of the distribution. If you want to get even closer to this, you can enable the testing repository, which will give you access to new major releases somewhere between two and four weeks earlier.

To do this, open the file /etc/pacman.conf With root-rights in your favorite text editor, and then uncomment (remove the characters at the beginning of each line) the three lines that are related to testing. If you have repository enabled multilib, do the same for the repository multilib-testing. See this wiki page Arch Linux if you need more information about this process.

Update kernel Linux It's not that easy (especially if you do it consistently), but it can give you many benefits. If your new kernel didn't break anything, you can now enjoy improved performance. better efficiency, support for more hardware and possibly new features. Updating the kernel can especially help you if you are working with relatively new hardware.