Navigation bars using CSS. How to create a dynamic menu on VKontakte with a navigation effect How to make a navigation menu in html

To make it convenient to navigate the site, you need navigation, which I did using HTML and CSS scripts. As a result of my work, you can see 2 types of menus (vertical and horizontal). And now, I’ll try to talk about the tasks that, in my opinion, a menu for a site should perform:

Ease of use;
Navigation must be created for all sections of the site;
Each page of the site should have a link to the main page;
Go to any page of the site in a maximum of 3 clicks.

Here I will try to present as much material as possible on creating a menu, get ready, many may have difficulties, at least I did. And so let's begin!

First of all, I'll tell you how to do it. First we write the script in the style sheet:

#navigation ( width: 560px; height: 50px; margin: 0; padding: 0; background-image: url(img/gor_menu.jpg); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position:center; ) #navigation ul ( list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; ) #navigation ul li ( display: inline; margin: 0px; ) #navigation ul li a ( height:28px; display: block; float: left; color: #333333; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12px; background-image: url(img/menu_separatorline.jpg); position: right center; padding-right: 15px; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 15px; /button_hover.jpg); background-repeat: repeat-x; background-position: left top; ) #navigation ul li#active a ( background-image: url(img/button_hover.jpg); background-repeat: repeat-x ; background-position: left top;

Don't be alarmed, there's nothing wrong with this code. To make it clearer for you, I’ll immediately write the HTML code for this menu:

As you can see, we are dealing with a list, which without a style sheet is nothing worthwhile. The div operator calls variables from the external CSS style sheet, then our list is transformed and turns into something pretty in my opinion horizontal menu.

Now we need to explain a little what this refers to, then I think you’ll figure it out on your own:

— contains the entire menu structure. The top image, which I prepared in advance in Photoshop, will be inserted into it;

...

— the body of the menu, contains an unordered list. An image will be inserted into it, which will be repeated vertically and create a background. Maybe I chose too bright colors, but in my opinion they do not hurt the eyes;

— contains the frame of the menu itself;

Creating a site menu

— this is one of the positions where you will need to insert the necessary link into a href="#";

- contains the lower part.

And this is what the script will look like in our CSS style sheet:

Div#menu ( width:144px; background:url(img/menu_1.jpg) top no-repeat; padding-top:40px; ) div#menubody ( background:url(img/menu_2.jpg) repeat-y; padding- left:15px; ) div#menubottom ( height:16px; background:url(img/menu_4.jpg) bottom no-repeat; ) ul#menulist ( width:100px; list-style-type:none; ) ul#menulist li ( height:32px; background:url(img/menu_3.gif) bottom repeat-x; ) ul#menulist a ( width:100px; height:25px; border-left:#75c5de 10px solid; font:bold 10px Verdana, Arial , sans-serif; text-decoration:none; display:block !important; ul#menulist a:hover ( background:url(img/menu_5) .jpg) left repeat-y ; color:#000 ) ul#menulist #active a ( background: url(img/menu_5.jpg) left repeat-y; )

I don't think you need to explain the CSS code. If something is not clear, you can always ask.

Both menu types are ready. Please note that we did not use JavaScript in them, and this is rather a “plus” when indexing our site by search engines, but certainly not a “minus” since search engines do not index JavaScript. Although at the moment the Google search engine is already beginning to recognize it.

You probably already noticed a long time ago that there are more than two menus on the site and they have a different structure. I did not edit the article, like the previous one.

All that remains is to fill the pages of our site with content and we can safely say that half the work is done, but I will talk about this in the next article.

Allows you to change the set of CSS classes for a menu item.

Usage

add_filter("nav_menu_css_class", "filter_function_name_8591", 10, 4); function filter_function_name_8591($classes, $item, $args, $depth)( // filter... return $classes; ) $classes (array)

CSS classes that apply to an element

menu item. Example:

Array( => menu-item => menu-item-type-post_type => menu-item-object-page => menu-item-265) $item (WP_Post)

The current menu item object. Example:

WP_Post Object ( => 265 => 1 => 2018-04-07 09:45:46 => 2018-04-07 06:45:46 => => Feedback => => publish => closed => closed => => 265 => => => 2018-04-19 00:20:29 => 2018-04-18 21:20:29 => => 0 => http://wp-test.ru/ ?p=265 => 1 => nav_menu_item => => 0 => raw => 265 => 0 => 214 => page => post_type => Page => http://wp-test.ru/post- 99 => Feedback => => => => Array ( => => menu-item => menu-item-type-post_type => menu-item-object-page) => => => =>) $args (stdClass)

An object with arguments from the wp_nav_menu() function. Example:

StdClass Object ( => WP_Term Object ( => 21 => My first menu => moe-pervoe-menu => 0 => 21 => nav_menu => => 0 => 3 => raw) => div => = > => primary-menu => => 1 => wp_page_menu => => => => => => preserve => 0 => => primary) $depth (number) Menu item level. Added in version 4.1.0. Used for indentation. The top menu items have $depth = 0, the nested ones have $depth = 1, and so on.

Examples

#1 Add a CSS class to only a specific menu item

Suppose we need to add to the menu item " Feedback" (id=265) additional CSS class, and only if this item is displayed in the menu attached to the primary menu area, then:

Add_filter("nav_menu_css_class", "change_menu_item_css_classes", 10, 4); function change_menu_item_css_classes($classes, $item, $args, $depth) ( if($item->ID === 265 && $args->theme_location === "primary")( $classes = "special-css-class "; ) return $classes; )

We get in layout:

#1 Remove CSS classes from all menu items

Let's remove all CSS classes from all site menu items.

Add_filter("nav_menu_css_class", "__return_empty_array");

We get the layout:

Also, as in the first example, you can use conditions. Let's delete all items CSS menu classes, and add our own css class to the menu items from the primary menu area:

Add_filter("nav_menu_css_class", "change_menu_item_css_classes", 10, 4); function change_menu_item_css_classes($classes, $item, $args, $depth) ( if ($args->theme_location === "primary") ( $classes = [ "my-css" ]; ) else ( $classes = ; ) return $classes;

We get the layout:

Notes

As of version 4.1.0, the $depth parameter was added.

List of changes

From version 3.0.0	Introduced.
From version 4.1.0	The $depth parameter was added.

Navigation is present on any good website, even if it is a one-page one. Depending on the situation, navigation links can lead to various sections of the site or send to a bookmark (anchor) located on the current page. Competently designing navigation in which the user does not get confused requires certain knowledge and experience. Navigation bar design also needs to be done wisely, and in this tutorial we'll show you how to create a user-friendly navigation menu.

Creating Navigation

What is navigation? This is a collection of links, often ordered and grouped by meaning. A navigation menu is often created using an HTML list tag

contains one link . In HTML5, a separate tag was introduced for navigation
, where you can simply place link tags. Once you've created the HTML framework, you can move on to styling it with CSS, where you can define how your menu will be vertical, horizontal, drop-down, etc.

Let's say we have a simple navigation with five links, created in HTML based on a bulleted list:
- Home
- About
- Gallery
- News
- Contacts
Initially, without styles, our navigation looks like a regular list:

To make this element more like a navigation bar, there are a few required steps you need to take. Firstly, markers are not needed near menu items, and secondly, the standard margin and padding values set by the browser for the list may interfere, so we reset them to zero. The result is the following:
Menu ( list-style-type: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; )

Essentially, the style reset file performs identical actions in relation to lists Reset.css, therefore, if you use it on your site, then the code above does not need to be written.

After resetting the standard list styles, you can proceed directly to creating styles for navigation. We'll show you how to make vertical and horizontal panels.

Vertical menu

Creating a vertical navigation bar is considered easier than creating a horizontal menu. Mainly because there is no need to set the links to be horizontal. This is simply a vertical list of pages on a site. Still, some important styles will have to be applied.

Block links
First of all you need to make all the tags block elements:
Menu a ( display: block; )
There are several reasons for this:

Menu width

The next thing we need to do is set the width of the menu. If you haven't pre-defined the width of the navbar, and it's not in a container that bounds it, then the menu will stretch across the entire width of the window (as in our example above) - because that's how a block element behaves by default. You can set the required width for the .menu element, for example:
Menu (width: 300px; )
Instead, you can set the width for the items
or for links - visually the effect may be the same, but keep in mind that in this case the width of the .menu element will still remain 100%.

Separating items

To visually separate menu items, you can give each of them a lower or upper border. Depending on which one you use, you will have a missing border at the top or bottom of the menu. This can be fixed by adding another border to the .menu block itself:
Menu a ( border-top: 1px solid blue; ) .menu ( border-bottom: 1px solid blue; )
Point Height and Vertical Alignment

Currently the menu links look too low and too close together. If the text of each link does not occupy more than one line, then you can increase their height and keep the text vertically centered using the height and line-height properties:
Menu a ( height: 30px; line-height: 30px; ) GIF
As you can see in the animation, the height property affects the height of the link, and the line-height line spacing changes the height of the text line itself. Be sure to set the same values for these two properties if you want the link text to be vertically centered.

Horizontal menu

The main task when creating horizontal navigation is to arrange menu items in one row. This can be done in several ways.

Method one

The first option is to set the display property of the list items with the value inline or inline-block:
Menu ( display: inline; )
At the same time, tags inside
cannot be made block, otherwise the items will no longer line up horizontally and will return to a vertical position. Links can also be set to inline or inline-block . Select the latter if you plan to indent links in the future.

After this, you can start creating links. For example, you can make this style:
Menu a ( text-decoration: none; font-family: sans-serif; color: #5757a0; display: inline-block; padding: 10px 20px; background-color: lavender; border-bottom: 5px solid #5757a0; )
We added a background color and a bottom border to each link, and increased its size using padding. Notice that there are small gaps between menu items, although we did not add them via styles. They occur because the browser interprets the carriage return character between the closing and opening tags this way.
. These gaps can be removed by writing the list HTML code on one line:
- Home
- About
- Gallery
However, this is inconvenient, because these changes will have to be made to the HTML manually, and the code will be difficult to read. Therefore, you can try to get rid of gaps using a negative margin-right value:
Menu li ( margin-right: -5px; )
This code does not remove the gaps, but covers them by shifting the elements five pixels to the left. This method cannot be said to be very reliable because the size of the gap may vary depending on other styles.

If the spaces between points are not planned in your design, it is better to use the second method of horizontal alignment of elements.

Method two

You may have already guessed that the second option for creating a horizontal menu is to use the float property. To do this, add a style for the tags
:
Menu li ( float: left; )
As you can see, there are no longer any gaps between points. All other styles work as before. But if you add another HTML element after the navigation (let's say
), then it will be affected by the wrapping and will be aligned with the menu items. You can cancel this action by adding the clear: left property to the header. But when developing a site with a lot of different pages, it can become difficult to keep track of whether you forgot to specify this property anywhere. It's much easier to undo the wrapping on the navigation side. This entry will help with this:
Menu ( overflow: hidden; )
This will also help return the parent of the floated elements to their normal height. We already talked about this problem in previous lessons, but then we solved it through a special hack using the pseudo-element:after . The example above is another way to solve the problem with the missing height of the container.
Note: if you set a background for a .menu element, then you won't see it until you apply overflow: hidden to it. Logical, because how can you see the background of an element whose height is zero?

In the next lesson we will talk in more detail about the capabilities of attribute selectors, with which you can set

Habr, hello!
A lot appears on Codepen good decisions from different specialists, and I believe that the best of them should be collected in one place. Therefore, 2 years ago I started saving interesting scripts on various topics on my computer.
I used to post them in the mr cloud IDE product group. Gefest, these were assemblies of 5-8 solutions. But now I have started to accumulate 15-30 scripts in different topics (buttons, menus, tooltips, and so on).
Such large sets should be shown to more specialists. That's why I'm posting them on Habr. I hope they will be useful to you.

In this review we will look at multi-level menus.
Flat Horizontal Navigation
Beautiful navigation bar with smoothly appearing submenus. The code is well structured and uses js. Judging by the features used, it works in ie8+.
http://codepen.io/andytran/pen/kmAEy
Material Nav Header w/ Aligned Dropdowns
Adaptive link bar with two-column submenu. Everything is done in css and html. Used css3 selectors that are not supported in ie8.
http://codepen.io/colewaldrip/pen/KpRwgQ
Smooth Accordion Dropdown Menu
Stylish vertical menu with smoothly opening elements. Transition, transform js code is used.
http://codepen.io/fainder/pen/AydHJ
Pure CSS Dark Inline Navigation Menu
Dark vertical navigation bar with icons from ionicons. JavaScript is used. In ie8 it will most likely work without animation.
http://codepen.io/3lv3n_snip3r/pen/XbddOO
Pure CSS3 Mega Dropdown Menu With Animation
Stylish menu with two output formats: horizontal and vertical. Icons and CSS3 animation are used. It will definitely look terrible in ie8, but in other browsers everything is cool.
Vertical link: http://codepen.io/rizky_k_r/full/sqcAn/
Link to horizontal: http://codepen.io/rizky_k_r/pen/xFjqs
CSS3 Dropdown Menu
Horizontal menu with large elements and a drop-down list of links. Clean and minimalistic code without js.
http://codepen.io/ojbravo/pen/tIacg
Simple Pure CSS Dropdown Menu
Simple but stylish horizontal menu. Uses font-awesome. Everything works on css and html, without js. It will work in ie8.
http://codepen.io/Responsive/pen/raNrEW
Bootstrap 3 mega-dropdown menu
An excellent solution for online stores. Displays several levels of categories and large images (for example, a product on sale). It is based on boostrap 3.
http://codepen.io/organizedchaos/full/rwlhd/
Flat Navigation
Stylish navigation bar with smooth submenu. In older browsers it will display problems.
http://codepen.io/andytran/pen/YPvQQN
3D nested navigation
Horizontal menu with very cool animation without js!
http://codepen.io/devilishalchemist/pen/wBGVor
Responsive Mega Menu - Navigation
Horizontal responsive menu. Looks good, but mobile version It's a little lame. CSS, html and js are used.
http://codepen.io/samiralley/pen/xvFdc
Pure Css3 Menu
Original menu. With simple and clean code without js. Use for "wow" effects.
http://codepen.io/Sonick/pen/xJagi
Full CSS3 Dropdown Menu
Colorful drop-down menu with one nesting level. Icons from font-awesome, html and css are used.
http://codepen.io/daniesy/pen/pfxFi
Css3 only dropdown menu
A fairly good horizontal menu with three levels of nesting. Works without js.
http://codepen.io/riogrande/pen/ahBrb
Dropdown Menus
A minimalistic menu with an original effect of the appearance of a nested list of elements. I'm glad that this solution is also without javascript.
http://codepen.io/kkrueger/pen/qfoLa
Pure CSS DropDown Menu
A primitive but effective solution. Only css and html.
http://codepen.io/andornagy/pen/xhiJH
Pull Menu - Menu Interaction Concept
Interesting menu concept for mobile phone. I've never seen anything like this before. Uses html, css and javascript.
http://codepen.io/fbrz/pen/bNdMwZ
Make Simple Dropdown Menu
Clean and simple code, no js. It will definitely work in ie8.
http://codepen.io/nyekrip/pen/pJoYgb
Pure CSS dropdown
The solution is not bad, but it uses too many classes. I'm glad there is no js.
http://codepen.io/jonathlee/pen/mJMzgR
Dropdown Menu
Nice vertical menu with minimal javascript code. JQuery is not used!
http://codepen.io/MeredithU/pen/GAinq
CSS 3 Dropdown Menu
A horizontal menu with additional captions can decorate your website well. The code is simple and clear. Javascript is not used.
http://codepen.io/ibeeback/pen/qdEZjR
Beautiful solution with a lot of code (html, css and js). 3 submenu formats have been created. The solution is well suited for online stores.
http://codepen.io/martinridgway/pen/KVdKQJ
CSS3 Menu Dropdowns (special solution)!
Dark horizontal menu with thirteen (13) animation options! I definitely advise you to read it, it will be useful in everyday life.
http://codepen.io/cmcg/pen/ofFiz
P.S.
I hope you liked the collection of 23 solutions. If you want to continue reading them, then take the survey below.
Enjoy your work everyone.

If your website is more than just a single web page, then you should consider adding a navigation bar (menu). Menu is a section of a website designed to help visitors navigate the site. Any menu is a list of links leading to internal pages of the site. The most in a simple way adding a navigation bar to a site is creating a menu with using CSS and HTML.

Vertical menu

The first step in creating a vertical menu is to create a bulleted list. We will also need to be able to identify the list, so we will add an id attribute to it with the identifier "navbar". Each element
our list will contain one link:
- Home
- News
- Contacts
- About Us
Our next task is to reset the default list styles. We need to remove the outer and inner padding from the list itself and the bullets from the list items. Then set the desired width:
#navbar ( margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style-type: none; width: 100px; )
Now it's time to style the links themselves. We will add a background color to them, change the text parameters: color, font size and weight, remove the underline, add small indents and redefine the display element from inline to block. Additionally, left and bottom frames have been added to the list items.
The most important part of our changes is the redefinition of inline elements to block elements. Now our links occupy all the available space of the list items, that is, to follow the link we no longer need to hover the cursor exactly over the text.
#navbar a ( background-color: #949494; color: #fff; padding: 5px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; border-left: 5px solid #33ADFF; display: block; ) #navbar li ( border-left: 10px solid #666; border-bottom: 1px solid #666 )
We have combined all the code described above into one example, now by clicking on the try button you can go to the example page and see the result:
Document title
- Home
- News
- Contacts
- About Us
Try »
When you hover your mouse over a menu item, it appearance can change to attract the user's attention. You can create such an effect using the pseudo-class:hover.

Let's return to the vertical menu example discussed earlier and add the following rule to the style sheet:
#navbar a:hover ( background-color: #666; border-left: 5px solid #3333FF; ) Try »
Horizontal menu

In the previous example, we looked at the vertical navigation bar, which is most often found on websites to the left or right of the main content area. However, menus with navigation links are also often located horizontally at the top of the web page.

A horizontal menu can be created by styling a regular list. Display property for elements
you need to assign the value inline so that the list items are located one after another.

To place menu items horizontally, first create bulleted list with links:
- Home
- News
- Contacts
- About Us
Let's write a couple of rules for our list that reset the default style used for lists, and redefine the list items from block to inline:
#navbar ( margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style-type: none; ) #navbar li ( display: inline; ) Try »
Now all we have to do is define the styling for our horizontal menu:
#navbar ( margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style-type: none; border: 2px solid #0066FF; border-radius: 20px 5px; width: 550px; text-align: center; background-color: #33ADFF; ) #navbar a ( color: #fff; padding: 5px 10px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; display: inline-block; width: 100px; ) #navbar a:hover ( border-radius: 20px 5px ; background-color: #0066FF ) Try »
Dropdown menu

The menu we will create will have main navigation links located in the horizontal navigation bar, and sub-items that will only appear when you hover over the menu item to which these sub-items relate.

First we need to create the HTML structure of our menu. We will place the main navigation links in a bulleted list:
- Home
- News
- Contacts
- About Us
We will place the sub-items in a separate list, nesting it in the element
, which contains the parent link regarding the sub-items. Now we have a clear structure for our future navigation bar:
- Home
- News
- Contacts
  - Address
  - Telephone
  - Email
- About Us
Try »
Now let's start writing CSS code. First, you need to hide the list with sub-items using the display: none; declaration so that they are not displayed on the web page all the time. To display sub-items, we need that when hovering over an element
the list has been converted to a block element again:
#navbar ul ( display: none; ) #navbar li:hover ul ( display: block; )
We remove the default indents and markers from both lists. We make list elements with navigation links floating, forming a horizontal menu, but for list elements containing sub-items we set float: none; so that they appear below each other.
#navbar, #navbar ul ( margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style-type: none; ) #navbar li ( float: left; ) #navbar ul li ( float: none; )
Next, we need to make sure our dropdown submenu doesn't push the content below the navigation bar down. To do this, we will set the list items position: relative; , and a list containing sub-items position: absolute; and add a top property with a value of 100% so that the absolutely positioned submenu appears exactly below the link.
#navbar ul ( display: none; position: absolute; top: 100%; ) #navbar li ( float: left; position: relative; ) #navbar ( height: 30px; ) Try »
The height for the parent list was added on purpose, since browsers do not consider floating content as element content, without adding height our list will be ignored by the browser and the content following the list will wrap around our menu.

Now we just need to style both of our lists and the drop-down menu will be ready:
#navbar ul ( display: none; background-color: #f90; position: absolute; top: 100%; ) #navbar li:hover ul ( display: block; ) #navbar, #navbar ul ( margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style-type: none; ) #navbar ( height: 30px; background-color: #666; padding-left: 25px; min-width: 470px; ) #navbar li ( float: left; position: relative; height: 100%; ) #navbar li a ( display: block; padding: 6px; width: 100px; color: #fff; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; ) #navbar ul li ( float: none; ) #navbar li:hover ( background-color: #f90; ) #navbar ul li:hover ( background-color: #666; )

Examples

#1 Add a CSS class to only a specific menu item

#1 Remove CSS classes from all menu items

Notes

List of changes

Creating Navigation

Navigation bars using CSS. How to create a dynamic menu on VKontakte with a navigation effect How to make a navigation menu in html

Usage

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Navigation bars using CSS. How to create a dynamic menu on VKontakte with a navigation effect How to make a navigation menu in html

Usage

Examples

#1 Add a CSS class to only a specific menu item

#1 Remove CSS classes from all menu items

Notes

List of changes

Creating Navigation

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