How to fix the built-in optical drive in a laptop with your own hands. How do I erase data from a DVD to prepare it for new recording? How to clean a disk in a drive

• How to clean laptop DVD

Although DVDs are already becoming obsolete, they are still available on many computers and laptops. Many have a license Windows system, which is stored on disk and requires a DVD drive to install (although it can be written to a flash drive and installed from it). Therefore, I want to consider in this article how you can clean the DVD drive in your computer or laptop yourself, using simple tools.

I have been using the method described below for many years and it has proven to be very effective.

The reason that the DVD drive began to work poorly, does not read discs or does so intermittently, most often is dust getting on the laser lens. This is what we will clean.

Required tools:

• Philips screwdriver (cross);
• A regular paperclip (it needs to be bent);
• Cotton swab or swab.

How to clean your computer's DVD drive

First, remove the DVD drive from the computer. You don't need to do this on a laptop.

Turn it upside down and unscrew the 4 screws that secure the lid.

Very carefully remove the lid and set aside. We will see a board with electronic components.

Now we place the drive so that its front panel faces us. We insert our straightened paper clip into the small hole intended for emergency opening of the drive tray. Feel free to press on the paper clip until the tray comes out of its place a little.

We manually pull out the tray to about half its length. Now remove the front plastic panel. To do this, you can press the side latches with a screwdriver.

Side bezel latches

Now turn the drive over with the cover down and carefully remove it from there.

We take out the DVD drive from the cover

Now you can see the very laser lens that needs to be cleaned. Look at it carefully. Most likely you will find small hairs or dust on it.

Do not try to remove dirt with your hands. There may be greasy stains that will be difficult to remove.

Take a cotton swab and lightly brush the dirt off the lens. There is no need to polish the lens, just remove dust and hair.

Cleaning the lens with a cotton swab

After this procedure for cleaning the drive, you need to reassemble it in the reverse order.

How to clean laptop DVD

The procedure is the same as with a computer drive. Just don't need to take anything apart.

Simply slide out the DVD tray and gently wipe the lens with a Q-tip.

Most likely, after such manipulations, the DVD drive will begin to read discs it previously ignored. If there is no noticeable improvement, most likely it cannot be helped and only needs replacement.

If you liked this tutorial, please like and share it with your friends.

PCgu.ru

How to fix the built-in optical drive in a laptop with your own hands

A broken DVD or CD drive in laptops is the most common defect in devices that have been in use for more than 2-3 years. Dust, which will definitely settle on the focusing lens after many years of operation, will certainly, if it does not lead to a complete failure of the disk drive, make its operation less reliable and fast. The reason for a complete refusal to perceive or record information from a computer onto optical media may lie in both a hardware and software malfunction of the system. Remember: the optical drive in laptops may refuse to read information from DVD discs for so many reasons.

Firstly, it is necessary to 100% eliminate the possibility of a software failure in the operating system. You can simply insert a disk into the drive that can be used as a boot disk. Either an installation distribution with Windows or some kind of service disk designed to work with a hard drive, as well as for treating viruses, banners, preparing the system for installing an operating system from scratch, etc. will be suitable. The main thing is to set in the BIOS that the DVD drive is the first one to boot, i.e. precisely from him, and not from hard drive, you need to download. Probably, many who independently installed the operating system either from a disk or from a flash drive know what we are talking about. If loading such a disk is quite successful, then the problem should be looked for in the installed operating system, namely: in the drivers, as well as in software products, which can in one way or another change the system configuration of virtual and physical optical drives. Remove all dubious software for burning and copying DVDs, and also check in the device manager whether your drive is detected correctly or not. Of course, it is almost impossible to describe all software malfunctions in one article, but we can give universal advice: perform a system restore.

Secondly, if the drive refuses to accept boot disk, then most likely there is a hardware problem. Often the solution to the problem comes down to cleaning the focusing lens. Dust falling on this lens prevents the beam of the laser head from normally transmitting the signal reflected from the DVD disc. If at any stage of operation this led to read or write errors, then one “fine” day the drive may simply refuse to read a completely clean and new disk. The most correct way to solve this problem is to clean the focusing lens.

The whole truth about cleaning discs

Nowadays, so-called cleaning discs have become widespread. The idea behind such discs is certainly good, but the technical execution is not always acceptable. Some samples can, instead of being useful, simply “finish off” the sensitive mechanisms and optics of the laser head. Also, incorrect use of cleaning discs can lead to the user simply completely destroying the drive. The instructions for such disks are often written in either English or Chinese, which makes understanding the principle of operation, purpose and use of such a disk simply inaccessible to a Russian-speaking person. The main mistake users make is incorrectly applying the cleaning liquid. As a rule, it needs to be applied only to certain cleaning bumps, and very little at that, placing the disk at approximately an angle of 45 degrees relative to the horizon line. Excessive amounts of this liquid simply flood the laser head, making reading information virtually impossible.

If we talk about Chinese cleaning discs in the 100-150 ruble category, then their purchase will not be justified both from a practical and economic point of view. And if your problem is not in the lens, then this is money thrown away. To protect the reputation of cleaning discs, we note that new contactless cleaning discs are now appearing. Their main difference is that they work like wind turbines, that is, they blow air through the laser head without direct contact. We recommend purchasing these cleaning discs without fear of damaging the sensitive elements of the optical drive.

How to clean a DVD drive without a cleaning disc

Many repairmen, although they themselves sometimes recommend using cleaning discs, never use them. The cleaning disc is a solution for novice users and housewives. You can clean the disk drive much more professionally and efficiently only when you remove it from the laptop and disassemble it. To disassemble the drive, no complex equipment or conditions are needed. All you need is a table, a set of screwdrivers, a paper clip, a needle, a syringe, ear sticks, and isopropyl alcohol.

How to remove a disk drive

First, you need to turn off the power to the laptop. Turn it face down and remove the battery.

No matter how funny and unreliable this may seem, the fact remains: on all modern laptops, the entire drive is secured to the laptop using one screw. We take a thin Phillips screwdriver and remove it.

Also this method You can use it when you urgently need to remove a disk, but the electricity is turned off and the battery is low. After inserting a needle or paper clip into the technological hole, the disk drive will obediently open, and you can pull it out completely by pulling the disk tray.

How to disassemble a disk drive

With the optical drive open and facing down, you can see the rear panel cover, which hides many important elements of the laser system.

Remove the 4 retaining screws and the cover will obediently come off without the slightest effort on your part. After removing the cover of the rear panel of the laser drive, we have access to the back of the laser diode, as well as the optical system.

Then you can put on the cover and tighten the 4 mounting screws.

How to clean a focusing lens

The lens is very sensitive to touch, so it is better not to touch it again with your hands or tools. To begin with, you can try to limit yourself to blowing from a can of compressed air.

If this does not help, we recommend using an ear stick pre-moistened in 90% isopropyl alcohol to wipe the lens. Use the other dry and clean end of the stick to remove the remaining alcohol. Remember that using cologne, moonshine, or vodka for these purposes is simply unacceptable. You will only do harm. Isopropyl alcohol evaporates quickly, is relatively non-toxic, and also does not leave marks on glass and lenses, which is very important for the technical task at hand. Then you need to dry everything again using a can of compressed air. All that remains is to assemble everything, insert the drive and screw in the fastening screw. Assembly is simple and intuitive.

Finally, we note that in some cases, the breakdown still cannot be eliminated, since it may lie in a burnt-out LED laser, worn-out mechanics, burnt-out driver microcircuits, etc. Therefore, the last repair option is to completely replace the DVD drive.

muzhik-v-dome.ru

DIY DVD drive repair

How to repair a CD-DVD drive yourself?

This is a short story with pictures about how you can revive a CD-DVD, and probably a Blu-Ray drive, without resorting to the expensive help of specialists. There are several common reasons that can lead to complete or partial drive failure. Eliminating these causes is not a repair, but rather a maintenance of the CD-DVD-ROM and can easily be performed by a user who has some skills in working with electronic equipment. More details at oldoctober.com

The most common causes of drive failure.

1. Worn drive belt (passenger).
2. Increased friction in the loading mechanism.
3. The laser lens is dirty.
4. Reduced laser efficiency.

To eliminate any of these causes, partial disassembly of the drive is required. The design of the drives may vary, so the accompanying pictures should not be taken absolutely.

Tools and materials.

For preventive maintenance we will need the following tools, materials and components. oldoctober.com

1. Paper clip.
2. Phillips screwdriver.
3. Medium size brush.
4. Calico (cotton fabric).
5. Silicone grease SI-130.
6. Passik.
7. Cleaning cloth.
8. Thin screwdriver.
9. Tweezers.

Let's begin. Disconnect the cables from the drive and unscrew the mounting screws. Remove the drive from the housing system unit.

Disassembly.

Disassembling any CD-DVD drive begins with pulling out the tray. To pull out the tray, you first need to make a simple device from a paper clip.

Carefully, by inserting the end of a paper clip into the technological hole on the front panel of the drive, we feel for the part of the mechanism that is responsible for locking the tray. This part is located exactly opposite the hole. We press on it and the tray extends slightly. Now you can pull it out with your fingers.

We release the latches securing the front panel of the drive. First, press out one of the side latches.

Then, press the latch located at the bottom of the drive and the other side latch.

Pull out the front panel, unscrew the four Phillips head screws and remove the metal casing panels.

We press the latches and separate the tray from the main mechanism.

Thoroughly clean the mechanism from dust and dirt using a brush. If the old lubricant is heavily contaminated, then remove it using calico and apply new lubricant.

We replace the worn belt with a new one. Then we wipe the belt and the internal surfaces of the pulleys with a cleaning cloth or calico soaked in alcohol.

Wipe the laser lens with a cleaning cloth. Dust deposited on the top surface of the lens may not be visible naked eye, but she is almost always present there.

If the drive is very old or is known to have had too many discs written to it and is having a read or write problem, you can try increasing the laser current. This rather delicate operation requires patience and can take quite a long time. Do not attempt this procedure if your drive simply does not read several old discs or discs recorded on other people's drives. This can be caused by a lot of different reasons, and the laser current value is in 38th place here.

It is best to regulate the laser current when the drive is in a semi-disassembled state.

To start the drive without a casing and front panel, you will have to remove the front wall of the disk tray.

Somewhere on the carriage with the laser installed there is a small-sized potentiometer, the position of the slider of which determines the laser current. The location of this potentiometer depends on the drive design.

Before turning this screw, be sure to sketch the position of the slot in order to have a reference point, and in general, so that if something happens, you can return it to its original position.

By turning the screw 10-15 degrees, first in one direction and then in the other, each time we check the reading quality in some program, for example, Nero DiscSpeed.

It is only advisable to check on several types of media at once, for example, CD-R and CD-RW or DVD+R, DVD+RW, DVD-R, DVD-RW, etc. It's probably not necessary to check all supported media types, but at least check the ones you use all the time.

Multi-purpose universal drives are rather compromise products and therefore they often read some types of disks better and others worse. For example, by increasing the laser current, you can get perfect CD-R reading and make half of your CD-RWs unreadable.

Assembly does not present any difficulties, except for one thing. When inserting the tray into the loading mechanism, you must align the loading mechanism slide lock with the guide groove located at the bottom of the tray.

The slider is usually spring-loaded, so before inserting the tray into the guides, you need to fix the slider in the correct position using tweezers or another suitable tool. In the photo, the position of the slider is fixed using an awl.

If, quite by chance, you happen to have a small set of belts of different diameters at your disposal, then you just need to choose a suitable copy. If you don’t have such a set, you’ll have to buy a belt.

And although the era of video and audio tape recorders has passed, you can still buy an assortment of rubber belts at all kinds of radio markets.

When buying a belt, you need to pay attention to several of its parameters, such as: cross-section, diameter, elasticity and quality of vulcanization of the rubber from which it is made.

The cross-section of the belt can also be determined by eye, since the likelihood that you will be able to find a belt with a strictly appropriate cross-section is small.

The diameter of the belt can be determined by applying the old belt to the new one and making sure that the diameter of the new one is slightly smaller than the old one.

Elasticity can be measured using a makeshift stand, like the one in the picture.

I usually check the properties of the belt by touch without any dynamometers.

The quality of rubber vulcanization can be determined by color and tactile sensations. The color of the “wrong” rubber is deep black, and the surface is smooth and highly reflective. While “correct” rubber has a slightly grayish tint and a more matte surface.

Also, the quality of rubber vulcanization can be determined by the time it takes to restore the original size. To test, you need to strongly stretch the belt with your fingers and very quickly throw it flat onto a flat surface. The faster the belt takes on its original size, the higher its quality. If you can notice by eye how the diameter of the belt changes, that is, it seems to shrink, then such a belt will not last long and it is better not to use it at all. However, it is not a fact that you will find a belt at the market high quality, and even exactly the same as required. Therefore, in the absence of anything better, you can buy what you have, but adjusted for diameter, cross-section and elasticity.

And so, all these four parameters affect the properties of the belt. When choosing a belt, you need to take them all into account. If the cross section of the belt is slightly smaller, then you need to choose a belt that is a little shorter and vice versa. If the quality of vulcanization is low, then you need to choose either a slightly larger cross-section or a slightly smaller diameter.

If the belt is pulled too tight, it can lead to jamming or premature wear of the disk loading mechanism. If the belt is tensioned too loosely, this may cause it to slip relative to the engine pulley.

If there are several belts with similar properties at the market, then it is better to buy several different ones at once so that you can choose the most suitable one at home. The price of a belt for a CD-DVD drive can range from $0.3 to $0.7.

Related topics.

Reducing the noise of the computer system unit.

How to disassemble and lubricate a fan if it rattles.

Installing Skype on PC-586.

oldoctober.com

Cleaning the DVD Drive

As I have written before in other articles, the biggest problem for a computer is dust. It gets packed in everywhere possible in such quantities that sometimes you are simply amazed. The DVD optical drive is no exception.

Dust, if the device is not cleaned, affects the operation of the drive tray, reduces the accuracy of the laser mechanism and affects the quality of the clamping mechanics. In general, your DVD drive should be cleaned at least once a year. Optimally – once every six months.

To clean and maintain the DVD drive, you will need lubricant, cotton swabs and alcohol. After removing the DVD drive from the system unit, you need to remove its front panel. The first step is to pull out the drive tray. This is done using any long and thin object (a needle, a paper clip, a piece of wire 3 cm long).

There is a small hole on the front panel of any DVD drive (item 2 in the bottom photo). Behind it (on the inside of the panel) is a mechanism for manually opening the tray. You need to press this mechanism through the hole with a little force and the tray will extend 1-2 centimeters, after which it can be pulled out all the way manually.

Next, you need to remove the dust cover from the tray. To do this, you need to turn the drive over and, bending the cover with your fingers, pull it down. On the lid, as a rule, there are two latches (item 1 in the bottom photo) and two guides on which the lid is held. It comes off without much effort.

Next, you need to recess the front panel latches. As a rule, there are four of them (two on the bottom, two on the sides) or five (two on the sides, three on the bottom). After removing the front panel, unscrew the bolts (4 or 5 pieces) on the bottom cover of the DVD drive and remove the cover.

Although DVDs are already becoming obsolete, they are still available on many computers and laptops. Many people have a licensed Windows system that is stored on a disk and requires a DVD drive (although it can be installed from it). Therefore, I want to consider in this article how you can clean the DVD drive in your computer or laptop yourself, using simple tools.

I have been using the method described below for many years and it has proven to be very effective.

The reason that the DVD drive began to work poorly, does not read discs or does so intermittently, most often is dust getting on the laser lens. This is what we will clean.

Required tools:

• Philips screwdriver (cross);
• A regular paperclip (it needs to be bent);
• Cotton swab or swab.

Tools

How to clean your computer's DVD drive

First, remove the DVD drive from the computer. You don't need to do this on a laptop.

Turn it upside down and unscrew the 4 screws that secure the lid.

Unscrew the screws

Very carefully remove the lid and set aside. We will see a board with electronic components.

Bottom of DVD-ROM

Now we place the drive so that its front panel faces us. We insert our straightened paper clip into the small hole intended for emergency opening of the drive tray. Feel free to press on the paper clip until the tray comes out of its place a little.

We press here with a paper clip

We manually pull out the tray to about half its length. Now remove the front plastic panel. To do this, you can press the side latches with a screwdriver.

Side bezel latches

Removing the panel

Now turn the drive over with the cover down and carefully remove it from there.

We take out the DVD drive from the cover

Now you can see the very laser lens that needs to be cleaned. Look at it carefully. Most likely you will find small hairs or dust on it.

Do not try to remove dirt with your hands. There may be greasy stains that will be difficult to remove.

Take a cotton swab and lightly brush the dirt off the lens. There is no need to polish the lens, just remove dust and hair.

Cleaning the lens with a cotton swab

If your DVD disc cannot be read on a computer or DVD player, then most likely the electronic media just needs to be cleaned. There are several ways to remove traces of dirt that are interfering with playback, all of which require extreme care.

Instructions

To clean a DVD from dust, wipe it with a soft cloth made from natural materials. At the same time, direct your movement from the center of the disk to the edge along the radius, and not in the opposite order. It is not recommended to wipe the surface of the disc in a circle, since circular damage is much more difficult to get rid of.

Try blowing off dust from the surface of the electronic media using a special can, sold for this purpose in computer stores. Direct the air stream from the can parallel to the surface of the disc and wait until there is no trace of dust left.

To remove fingerprints from the surface of a DVD disc or any other contaminants, moisten a piece of soft cloth with ethyl or isopropyl alcohol, then wipe the electronic media dry with radial movements.

To clean your DVD disc more thoroughly, wet its surface with water, soap your hands and gently apply soap suds to the shiny side, then rinse carefully with water and blot with a cloth that easily absorbs moisture, such as a soft terry towel. Do not dry the disc with a hairdryer, as this may damage it.

Use glass cleaning fluid by applying it to a soft cloth and wiping the surface of the disc in a radial direction. Or dip the DVD media in such a solution and leave it in it for 5-7 minutes, and then wipe the disc dry with a piece of soft cloth made of natural material.

Please note that solvents such as acetone, gasoline, kerosene, and other mixtures that contain petroleum products are absolutely not suitable for cleaning discs. They can cloud the surface of a DVD disc, making the electronic media unsuitable for further use. Only alcohol-based solvents should be used.

Tip added February 16, 2012 Tip 2: How to clean a CD CDs are used particularly for long-term storage and transfer. computer files. The more actively CD media are used, the more urgent the task of periodic surface cleaning becomes. To solve it, you can use both special industrial kits and improvised means. In addition, cleaning disks does not always mean their surface; sometimes we are talking about their contents.

Instructions

Buy a special optical disc care kit that includes the necessary components to clean the surface of CD/DVD media. As a rule, the package contains a bottle with a special liquid and a sponge or a set of disposable wipes. In addition to them, the set may also include a can, which allows, in the most literal sense of the expression, to “blow away specks of dust” from the tracks of an optical disc. Moreover, the basis of some kits is an automatic device into which you need to fill the supplied consumables and place an optical disc, and the device will carry out the cleaning procedure without your participation. The simplest of the kits contains a certain amount of disposable napkins soaked in a special liquid.

Find a soft, lint-free cotton napkin if purchasing a special set is not possible. You can use ordinary water as a cleaning liquid. Glass cleaner will also work.

If the kit is intended for manual cleaning of optical discs, do this in a motion from the center to the edge - it is likely to cause mechanical damage in a circular motion much higher. After completing the procedure, the CD should be dry. If you used special materials from the purchased set, the liquid will evaporate from the surface on its own. Otherwise, use a dry cotton cloth to wipe the disc using the same radial movements.

Use an optical disc burning application if it is not the surface of the CD that needs cleaning, but its contents. But first you should find out whether such an operation is possible in principle. A prerequisite is that your computer has a CD/DVD burner drive. In addition, the CD itself must be reusable. If the CD marking contains the letter W, then this condition is met. Another possible obstacle is that if during the previous recording of data to the disk it was “finalized” (the corresponding mark was set in the recording settings), then no changes to its contents are now possible.

With one of the latest versions operating systems(for example Windows 7 or Windows Vista) use its own components to clean up the disk directory. Load the CD into the drive, launch Explorer and right-click the optical drive icon. IN context menu select the “Format” line and a window with disk cleanup settings will appear on the screen. It is not necessary to change anything in the default settings; click the “Start” button and the CD formatting process will start.

Sources

• how to free a cd

How to Clean a CD - Printable Version

A regularly used CD-ROM or DVD drive likes to collect dust and other “unnecessary things”. If you are looking for a way to effectively clean disk reader without having to take your computer apart, here are the instructions.

When the CD-ROM drive needs cleaning

The most obvious signal is when your DVD drive is failing work fine. This can be caused by many things, but disk cleanup may help.

Another sign is when your computer has Difficulty reading discs. The third signal is strange sound when the drive tries to open the disc or even during extension and retraction.

Another sign is when used the disk twitches(although then it could be the disk's fault). These are just the most common symptoms.

The general conclusion is this: if your CD-ROM/DVD is not working, clean it. If this does not help, try cleaning it again, and if this does not help, the drive is probably faulty and you should replace it with a new one or send the existing one for repair.

What you need to clean the drive

Of course, do not use the blowing method. Your breath contains a lot of moisture, which can cause even more damage, including irreversible destruction of the drive.

How to prepare the drive for cleaning

Turn on the computer and remove the partition holding the disk. Then turn off the computer again, leaving the partition open. Remove the disc from the drive if it was in the computer.

How to clean a DVD drive

Insert the “straw” into the hole of the can of compressed air. If you have a laptop, place it on the edge of the table with the CD-ROM/DVD compartment hanging in the air.

Hold the can of air perpendicular to the floor (i.e. upright) and be careful not to pump it, as the gas it contains may damage your CD-ROM/DVD. Insert the straw into the drive connector and lightly press the air release button from the can.

Repeat the procedure two or three times, and then turn on the computer and see if the drive works.

What to do if this does not lead to the desired result

Some instructional videos or web pages recommend removing the drive completely from the computer. Don't do this. In many cases, performing this operation may cost you the warranty, and even if not, it may damage the drive.

What can you do

Call a service technician or bring your computer in for service. You can also contact the manufacturer and ask for advice. If your computer is under warranty, then, of course, you have a phone number written down that you should call in such cases.

A few tips for cleaning the drive

The CD-ROM/DVD drive is a very delicate part of the computer that requires good care. You can clean it before alarm signals appear.

Use compressed air carefully and responsibly to avoid damaging your computer. When you empty the container, do not throw it in the trash. Compressed air cans often contain toxic substances, so we must dispose of them in special waste containers that represent

You often come across the fact that a previously perfectly playable disc suddenly stops loading or the files loaded on it simply do not open, although the drive seems to have detected their presence. What happened in this situation? Is the drive broken or is it still time to throw this disk in the trash? There are several ways to try to solve this problem yourself without drastic measures to replace the drive or remove the disk itself from use.

1. To determine whether the drive is the cause or not, you need to try playing several discs using it. And if he doesn’t read only a specific version, then it’s not his fault. If the situation repeats when discs stop reading or are problematic to play, then this is a problem with the drive.
2. In the case of a problem disk, you must first clean it of dirt. There are many means for cleaning them, but from experience we can say that there is no point in spending money on any liquids - discs can be easily treated in warm water and soap. After this procedure, they must be blotted with a well-absorbing towel and allowed to dry before placing them in the drive again.
3. In the case of a dirty laser read head of the drive, you can get by with purchasing a special “cleaning disk”. Or you can remove the drive from the computer and disconnect the protective cover by moving it backwards and upwards. Then you need to use something thin but strong, for example, a pin on the front panel through the hole to press the latch and open the tray that blocks access to the lens by pressing on it. It is necessary to blow off large dust from the surface of the lens using a can of compressed air or even an ordinary blower, but in no case with your mouth. The pear must be without talc inside, otherwise everything will become even worse. Using a brush and lens cleaning liquid, you need to rinse the lens thoroughly, making light movements that do not press on it at all. After this, the lens should dry, and to prevent dust from getting on it again, it is better to cover it with something during the drying period. If plaque forms after drying, it must be removed with a dry soft brush. After this comes the process of assembling the drive.

The disc itself may not only be dirty, but also heavily scratched, which also affects the ease of playback. It is possible to restore its surface by polishing. With large and deep scratches, it is unlikely that anything will work out, but if there are a lot of thread-like damage on it, this option can be “cured.”

The simplest method requires clean rags and goyim paste. The disc must be well wetted with water and a little paste applied to it, which must be spread evenly over the entire surface of the disc. Then, using a rag, you need to polish from the center of the disk to the edges until the paste simply disappears. The number of such processes will depend on the state of the disk after each stage. As soon as the disappearance of the most conspicuous scratches is noted, the disc can be considered to be polished. After polishing, the disc should be rinsed thoroughly, blotted and allowed to dry. After this, you can try to play back the recording.

And at the end, a little advice. If you need to download a driver for your printer, scanner, modem or laptop, you can always do this on the website www.hwdrivers.com or www.driver.biz.ua.

Related articles.