Vd1 63 differential or ouzo connection diagram. The principle of operation of ouzo and the need for installation

It will protect electrical wiring in a private house or apartment from leakage currents, but at the same time will not protect the wires from short circuit and power grid overloads. That is why this product is installed together with a circuit breaker. Next, we will look at how to correctly make a diagram for connecting a single-phase RCD to a network with and without grounding!

It is best to install the product after the electric meter, but before the machine.

For your attention 4 typical schemes connecting an RCD in a single-phase network.

Connection of one common RCBO:

Installation diagram of several residual current devices for each group:

Connecting several residual current devices together with the input RCBO:

Installation in a two-wire network (without grounding):

Please note that the device must be connected from the top; the last picture is provided for clarity only, so that you understand how an RCD is mounted in a network without a grounding conductor. Also note that each of the options has the following sequence of connecting elements: input machine - meter - RCD. This scheme maximally protects your electrical wiring from all types of threats.

• If the wiring in a private house or apartment includes more than one powerful electrical appliance, then it is better to install a separate residual current device for each group of conductors. This option will allow you to control each device separately and, in turn, in case of problems, turn off the power not in the entire electrical network, but only in a certain place.
• If the power grid is simple, without a powerful household appliances, then it is better to use . This device simultaneously protects the network not only from leakage currents, but also from short circuits along with overloads (AB functions).

The video below clearly examines the provided options for installing a residual current circuit breaker, and also explains where each connection method is rational:

That's all I wanted to tell you about the RCD connection diagrams in a single-phase network with grounding and without the so-called “ground”. We hope that these projects were useful and understandable for you!

Creating a modern indoor electrical network is a responsible undertaking associated with calculations, selection of wires and electrical installations, and installation work. At the same time, one of the main tasks remains to ensure the safety of residents and the safety of property. Do you agree?

If the protective devices are correctly selected and the connection diagram of the RCD and circuit breakers is thought out, all risks are reduced to a minimum. But how to do this? What to consider when choosing? We will answer these and many other questions in our material.

You will also be able to understand the principle of operation of an RCD and its connection options. Expert advice and installation nuances are collected in this material. In addition, the article contains videos from which you will learn about the main mistakes when connecting and see how an RCD is connected in practice.

Unlike a machine that protects the network from overloads and short circuits, the RCD is designed to instantly recognize the presence of leakage current and respond by disconnecting the network or a separate electrical line.

Since these two protective devices differ functionally, both must be present in the assembly diagram.

The operating principle of an RCD is simple: it compares the incoming and outgoing current values ​​and trips when a discrepancy is detected.

A diagram showing the operation of the device in the event of a phase breakdown. First, the voltage relay (RN) is activated, then the contactor (K)

Inside the body of the automatic device there is a transformer with a core and windings with uniform magnetic fluxes directed in different directions.

When a leakage current occurs, the output magnetic flux decreases, as a result of which the electric relay operates and opens the power supply. This is possible if a person touches a grounded device and electrical circuit. On average, this takes from 0.2 to 0.4 seconds. Read more about the design and principle of operation of the RCD.

There are various types of devices designed for networks with direct or alternating current. One of the important technical characteristics that must be present in the marking is the leakage current strength.

To protect the residents of the house, devices with a rating of 30 mA are chosen. Where there is an increased risk, for example, bathrooms with high humidity, children's playrooms, install a 10 mA RCD.

A higher rating, such as 100 mA or 300 mA, is intended to prevent fire, since large current leaks can cause a fire. Such devices are installed as a general incoming RCD, as well as in enterprises and large facilities.

Detailed information on choosing a suitable RCD.

The RCD (left) should not be confused with the difavtomat (right), which combines the functions of a circuit breaker and a protective shutdown device, that is, it can be triggered by both overload and leakage current

An RCBO is more compact than a bunch of protective devices and takes up less space in the electrical cabinet, but when it is triggered, it is more difficult to find the cause of the shutdown.

The installation diagram is selected in accordance with the task and the type of network - 1-phase or 3-phase. If it is necessary to protect an entire house or apartment from current leaks, an RCD is installed at the input of the power line.

Protection options for single-phase network

Manufacturers of powerful household appliances mention the need to install a set of protective devices. Often, the accompanying documentation for the washing machine, electric stove, dishwasher or indicates which devices need to be additionally installed in the network.

However, more and more often several devices are used - in separate circuits or groups. In this case, the device in conjunction with the machine(s) is mounted in the panel and connected to a specific line

Considering the number of different circuits serving sockets, switches, equipment that load the network to the maximum, we can say that there are an infinite number of RCD connection schemes. You can even install it at home.

Option #1 – general RCD for a 1-phase network.

The location of the RCD is at the entrance of the power line to the apartment (house). It is installed between a common 2-pole circuit breaker and a set of circuit breakers for servicing various power lines - lighting and socket circuits, separate branches for household appliances, etc.

Schemes for 3-phase network

In homes, industrial premises and other structures, there may be a different option for arranging power supply.

Thus, for apartments, connecting a 3-phase network is uncharacteristic, but for equipping a private house this option is not uncommon. Here other circuits for connecting the protection device will be used.

Option #1 – general RCD for a 3-phase network + group RCDs.

For a 380 V network, a 2-pole device is not enough; a 4-pole analogue is needed: you need to connect 1 neutral wire and 3 phase wires.

Option #2 – general RCD for 3-phase network + meter.

This solution completely repeats the previous one, but an electricity meter is added to the circuit. Group RCDs are also included in the system for servicing individual lines.

Anton Tsugunov

Reading time: 4 minutes

The residual current circuit breaker is one of the most common devices found in almost every electrical panel. It is designed to protect the electrical network from short circuit currents, overloads, as well as from leakage currents in grounding wires. These currents arise due to damage to the insulation of consumers or connecting wires. In other words, the residual current switch combines the functions of an RCD and a circuit breaker.

Design features of the difavtomat

Since the difavtomat is designed to perform several different functions, its design includes relatively separate elements, the operating principle and purpose of which are somewhat different. All components of the device are assembled in a compact dielectric housing, which has fastenings for mounting on a DIN rail in an electrical panel.

The working part of the differential machine includes:

1. Independent release mechanism.
2. Electromagnetic release. This device consists of an inductor equipped with a movable metal core. The core is connected to a spring-loaded return mechanism, which ensures reliable closure of the switch contacts in normal operation of the electrical circuit. The electromagnetic release is triggered in cases where a short-circuit current flows in the circuit.
3. Thermal release. This device opens the electrical circuit when a current flows through it slightly exceeding the rated value.
4. Reset rack.

The protective part of the device includes a differential protection module, which is triggered in cases where there is current in the grounding wires of the electrical installation. If this current exceeds a certain value, the device gives a command to open the main contacts, and also signals the reasons for the operation of the differential circuit breaker protection.

The components of the protection module design are:

1. Differential transformer.
2. Electronic amplifier.
3. Electromagnetic reset coil.
4. Device for monitoring the serviceability of the protective part of the automatic machine.

There is a special button on the front of the product body, which is designed to test the functionality of the protective part of the device. To provoke the control operation of the difavtomat, you just need to press the button, and the circuit closes, causing a leakage current, to which the protection reacts.

To ensure normal operation of the protective module, it is connected in series behind the working part of the automatic machine.

Leakage current in an apartment's power supply system can occur when the insulation of electrical appliances is damaged. If a grounding conductor is used, then there is no increased voltage in relation to the ground on the body of the electrical installation. The flow of current through the grounding conductor leads to its heating and a possible increase in resistance or even breakage of the grounding conductor. If the electrical installation is ungrounded, there is a high probability of injury to a person. electric shock.

A significant disadvantage of protective grounding is the inability to control the state of insulation integrity and the flow of differential currents. The principle of operation of the machine is to carry out such control by turning off the electrical circuit if the leakage current exceeds permissible values.

The operation of the protective part of the difavtomat is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. A measuring transformer is used as a sensor that responds to the difference in currents in the incoming and outgoing wires.

The design of this device includes two back-to-back windings, each of which creates its own magnetic flux in the core. As long as these fluxes are equal to each other, the current in the secondary winding of the transformer is zero. If a magnetic flux appears in the core, it provokes the emergence of a current in the secondary winding, which causes the activation of a protective mechanism that opens the main contacts of the difavtomat.

Scope of application of automatic machines

The use of these devices is determined by their functional purpose. A correctly connected differential machine allows you to:

1. To achieve the required level of electrical safety in cases where the insulation of an electrical installation is damaged or a phase wire is short-circuited to its housing.
2. Prevent overheating and fire of damaged insulation areas through which leakage current may flow for a long time.
3. Provide protection against electric shock to a person in case of unintentional contact with exposed live parts of an electrical installation.
4. Reliably protect the power supply system from failure of its elements in the event of short circuits and overloads.
5. If there is a need to reduce the weight and size parameters of switchgears, then the use of difavtomats will help solve this problem. By combining a circuit breaker and an RCD in one housing, you can significantly save space in the electrical panel.

Selecting a differential machine

A large number of manufacturers of electrical equipment, as well as a wide range of automatic devices on the market, make it very difficult to choose these devices. In order to correctly select a high-quality leakage current switch for a specific power supply system, you need to pay attention to the following characteristics:

• Number of poles. Each pole provides an independent current path and can be switched off by a common disconnect mechanism. Thus, to protect a single-phase network, two-pole differential circuit breakers should be used, and for installation in a three-phase network, four-pole ones should be used.

• Depending on the rated voltage, there are 220 and 400 V machines.
• Since the difavtomat performs the functions of protection against short-circuit currents and overloads, when choosing it you should be guided by the same rules as for the circuit breaker. The most important parameters of these devices are the rated current, the value of which is determined based on the rated power of the connected load, as well as the type of time-current characteristic. This parameter shows the dependence of the current flowing through the circuit breaker on the tripping time of the release. For installation in household electrical networks, it is recommended to use circuit breakers with a time-current characteristic of type C.
• Rated value of leakage current. Shows the maximum value of the current difference (to determine this parameter there is a special symbol Δ, printed on the device body), at which the difavtomat does not open the electrical circuit. As a rule, for household electrical networks the nominal value of the leakage current is 30 mA.

• There are automatic differential current switches designed to operate in direct (A or DC) or alternating (AC) networks.
• Device reliability. This parameter largely depends on the manufacturer. When choosing and purchasing a differential machine, you need to be wary of counterfeits by purchasing electrical equipment in specialized stores that have all the necessary documents and permits.

It should be noted that in the event of a break in the neutral wire, the protection provided by the differential circuit breaker will not be able to function due to the lack of power supply. Most models of difavtomats provide protection against damage to the neutral conductor, which opens the circuit when there is a loss of voltage in it.

If the grounding conductor breaks, a situation may arise in which the difavtomat does not respond to the appearance of an increased potential relative to the ground on the body of the electrical installation. However, in this case, the device will work if a person touches such an electrical installation and thus creates a path for leakage current to flow.

Connection

The connection diagram for the differential machine is quite simple. It is advisable to consider it using the example of one of the most popular models of this device, VD1 - 63.

To operate this differential current switch in a single-phase network, you need to use neutral and phase wires, which are connected to the corresponding terminals of the device VD1 - 63. The input terminals of the residual current switch VD1 - 63 are located in the upper part of its body and are marked “N” and “1”, corresponding neutral and phase wires.

The connection of the VD1-63 difavtomat is carried out according to the diagram shown in the figure.

Such a device protects several groups of consumers from the occurrence of currents in the grounding circuit. If a leakage current occurs in one of the elements of the electrical network, then all consumers will be immediately turned off by the VD1-63 circuit breaker. The advantage of such a scheme is its simplicity, as well as a small number of elements that do not clutter up the space in the electrical panel. This scheme can be used in cases where it is necessary to protect a small number of consumers.

To eliminate the disadvantage associated with the indiscriminate protection provided by the VD1-63 difavtomat, similar devices are connected to each group of consumers. The range of rated currents for VD1 - 63 circuit breakers is quite wide and includes standard values ​​from 16 to 100A. A branched connection circuit is more expensive and difficult to install; connecting its elements requires much more space in the distribution panel. However, the use of such protection significantly increases its reliability and selectivity.

Complain

In terms of efficiency, there is no real alternative to a residual current device (RCD) yet. Moreover, in the future the RCD will remain the main electrical protection device.

Recently, a significant number of new types of RCDs have appeared, having different technical specifications. Let's consider the main parameters by which a consumer can choose the necessary modification of the RCD, using the example of a differential switch VD1-63 brand IEK.

RCD VD 1-63 type AS

The key task of the RCD VD 1-63 type AC is to ensure reliable protection of a person from electric shock when accidentally touching parts of electrical installations that are under voltage and to prevent fires that occur as a result of prolonged flow of damage current when overcurrent protection devices do not operate.

VD 1-63 type AC is controlled by alternating differential current, does not have built-in overcurrent protection, and is functionally independent of the mains voltage.

The choice of VD 1-63 type AC IEK® is determined by the following properties:

• the absence of electronic components in the electromechanical circuit ensures increased reliability: the RCD can operate effectively without the presence of auxiliary power sources, but is capable of being triggered by differential current (remains operational even in the event of a break in the neutral conductor);
• rated conditional differential short-circuit current I Dc, A: 3’000
• breadth of assortment:
  • Rated current I n , A: 16, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63, 80, 100
  • Rated residual current I Dn, mA: 10, 30, 100, 300
• the presence of silver-containing solders on the contacts increases wear resistance: the number of guaranteed inclusions is at least 10 thousand;

• maximum cross-section of connected wires, mm 2 - 35;
• comfortable price: at high quality performance and operational reliability comparable to European analogues, the price of the IEK® RCD remains almost half as low.

RCD VD 1-63 type A

In electrical installations where devices with a switching power supply are used, pulsating leakage current may occur. Such devices can be power tools and equipment using thyristor converters, as well as personal computers, televisions, washing machines, chargers etc.

To ensure protection during the operation of this type of equipment, it is necessary to use an RCD that responds not only to sinusoidal alternating differential current, but also to pulsating direct current. Such a device is VD 1-63 type A IEK®.

To summarize, it can be noted that VD 1-63 type A has all of the above properties of VD 1-63 type AC, such as:

• operating range: from -25°С to +40°С;
• comfortable price.

Also, VD 1-63 type A has a number of differences relative to type AC:

• rated conditional differential short-circuit current I Dc, A: 4’500
• assortment:
  • Rated current I n, A: 16, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63;
  • Rated residual current I Dn, mA: 10, 30, 100
• operating characteristic in the presence of differential current - A;
• maximum cross-section of connected wires, mm 2 - 50;

But the main advantage of the VD 1-63 type A is that the type A differential switch is a unique device of its kind, since Most manufacturers do not have similar analogues in their range.

RCD VD 1-63 S selective

The choice of a selective RCD is determined by the provisions of the PUE (7th edition, clause 7.1.73): “When installing an RCD, selectivity requirements must be consistently met. With two- and multi-stage circuits, the RCD located closer to the power source must have a setting and response time that is at least 3 times greater than that of the RCD located closer to the consumer.” If we consider an example of the occurrence of an instantaneous leak of significant magnitude (for example, a leak on the floor above, which caused the flow of current to the “ground” from the neutral conductor), then for a two-stage protection circuit there is no certainty: which of the RCDs will trip first. And most likely they will work simultaneously. What is the solution? Only when using selective RCD.

Unlike VD 1-63 types AC and A, which switch off immediately after a differential current leak occurs, VD 1-63 S selective IEK® provides a certain response delay: the maximum non-switching time is 40 ms.

The purpose of the response delay is to eliminate false alarms, as well as to eliminate the loss of power to operable sections of the electrical installation. When a residual current occurs, the 1-63 S IEK® selective high pressure valve creates a time delay to ensure that the tripping conditions are maintained. The RCD located at the emergency consumer is triggered and disconnects the load, while power supply to operational areas continues through the closed contacts of the selective RCD VD 1-63 S. All that remains is to eliminate the cause of the emergency. In this case, the selectivity requirements are fully met.

As a result, we can note the following parameters of the VD1-63S, common with types AC and A:

• absence of electronic components in the electromechanical circuit;
• operating characteristic in the presence of differential current - AC;
• the presence of silver-containing solders on the contacts;

• operating range: from -25°С to +40°С;
• comfortable price.

At the same time, the distinctive characteristics of VD1-63S selective are:

• Shutdown time at rated differential current, ms: 130 ÷ 500;
• Rated conditional differential short-circuit current I Dc, A: 6’000
• Assortment :
  • Rated current I n, A: 16, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63, 80;
  • Rated differential breaking current I Dn, mA: 100, 300;
• Maximum cross-section of connected wires, mm 2 - 50.

Please note that the use of VD1-63S/type A/type AC without the presence of a serial protection device (circuit breaker or fuses) in the electrical installation circuit is prohibited. It should also be borne in mind that selective VD1-63S is not intended for protection against indirect contact.

Based on materials from the Group of CompaniesIEK

Company information

IEK GROUP is one of the leading Russian suppliers and manufacturers of lighting and electrical equipment under the IEK® brand, ONI® industrial automation equipment and ITK® products for IT technologies. The company offers the widest range of equipment for the formation of integrated solutions in the field of construction, housing and communal services, transport, infrastructure, industry, energy and telecommunications. Possessing a modern research and production base, the company primarily invests in the development of production in Russia and strives to maximize its own production potential, contributing to the development of the electrical industry as a whole. IEK® products twice, in 2014 and 2016, became the laureate of the people's trust rating Brand No. 1 in Russia in the Electrical Engineering category. This is confirmation of successful import substitution and great consumer confidence, as well as recognition of the company as a Russian manufacturer. Continuous launch of new products is the hallmark of IEK GROUP. Now the company has about 10 thousand items of products. IEK GROUP offers not just individual products, but comprehensive solutions with which you can organize energy supply for any facility in any industry. The company creates products that meet all international standards. At the same time, IEK® products are maximally adapted to the requirements of the domestic market and meet the expectations of Russian consumers.

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